Improvement On Coexistence Of Lte Macro / Femtocell 's Adaptive Interference Draining Using Rectangular Antenna 's

Cellular communications is such a large aspect of today’s industries, and with the number of consumers already with cell phones drastically increasing all the time, it is good to think about the future, and maybe making the customers you already have, happy and content. There are only so many “new” customers you can gain in today’s market. Phone

This paper is organized as follows: Section II will discuss the evolution of mobile wireless networks, Section III will introduce objectives of the 5G mobile network, Section IV will talk about goals to be evaluated in 5G wireless network communications, and Section V will present some concluding remarks.

Assistance with the current macro cell is required to power the small cells and coordinate with internet and radio backhaul and maintaining the Quality of Service (QOS) in the process [1].

A large problem with LTE and all wireless technology is their limitations when it comes to bandwidth. There can only be so much information flowing through the air at any given time, and with mobile network saturation on the rise, mobile operator are scrambling to get things running smoothly. Mobile operators have gone so far as to limit the amount of usage people can incur, charging them a set amount of money, and overcharging at that. If a user or family goes over the amount in which they subscribed to, they are charged outrageous overage fees. Mobile networks are also limited by building and object penetration, meaning when you walk into a building with thicker walls, there is a chance that you may not receive a signal. Geographical constraints also affect both mobile and fixed services, by making it almost impossible to provide an area with service, either because lines are unable to be ran, or the foliage and landscape block wireless transmissions.

In order to maintain the competitiveness of the 3GPP cellular system, Long Term Evolution (LTE), is developed. For downlink transmission the technique selected is Orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA). In this time and frequency resources are reused in adjacent cells, inter cell interference becomes the crucial limiting factor. This problem can be overcome by using interference mitigation techniques. The

It is also believed that the common issues that occur in the LTE network could be reduced drastically if attention if given to certain engineering practices. The research revealed and discussed some of those factors.

V. Erceg, et al, [39] a statistical path loss model, derived from 1.9GHz experimental data collected across the United States of America in 95 existing macrocells were presented. In all the 95 cellular base stations that were

4G LTE picks up pace – Fourth Generation Long Term Evolution networks are coming of age. Although this kind of high bandwidth network is in its infancy in many parts of the world, UK’s mobile operator EE is testing a network channel to reach 300 Mbps. Vodafone, Telefonica in Germany and SK Telecom of South Korea are testing channels to reach a speed of 225Mbps. Airtel first the first mobile phone operator in India to come up with the 4G LTE network.

Small cell backhaul connects small cells with mobile network operator. As mobile network operators begin to deploy growing numbers of small cells in order to meet the rapidly increasing demand for mobile data capacity, and to utilize the maximum spectrum we use backhaul. The major challenge facing them is how to provide efficient and cost-effective backhaul solution.

The purpose of the paper is to focus on the development of wireless mobile telecommunication. Firstly, cellular

The core technology of 4G is orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) which belongs to Multi-Carrier Modulation (MCM). It divides assigned channel into orthogonal sub channels, modulating and transmitting on each sub channel of narrowband (Aceña 2005). 3.2 Telecommunication system structure 3G is based on cellular network (shown in Figure 1), the core network of 3G is developed from GSM-MAP, AMPS and ANSI-41 which is the core network of GSM, the air interface and the corresponding system is backward 2G compatibility (Luo et al. 2003).

From the result, it was observed that six (6) GSM operators can share infrastructure for a passive infrastructure sharing scheme without severe and unacceptable degradation of system performance. For number of BTS operators greater than six (6), the noise floor becomes larger than -110dB, which is not acceptable.

(4G) Long Term Evolution (LTE) to provide higher data rates to end users by improving spectral efficiency, deploying more base stations, and/or aggregating more spectra. While some of the LTE enhancements, such as advanced multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), Coordinated multipoint (CoMP), heterogeneous networks (HetNets), and carrier aggregation (CA), deliver the additional capacity needed to sustain the traffic surge for the next few years, none of them is seen as a viable solution to support the hundreds of times more traffic demands foreseen in 2020 and beyond, the so-called 5G era[5]. However, it is expected that in 5G millions more base stations (BSs) with higher functionality and billions more smart phones and devices with much higher data rates will be connected.[6]. In 5G mobile communication it is expected to have the presence of higher traffic volume, increased indoor or hotspot traffic, and higher energy [7]. The growth of wireless system capacity ever since the invention of the radio right up to the present can be attributed to three main factors: increase in the number of wireless infrastructure nodes, increased use of radio spectrum, and improvement in link efficiency. These three ingredients continue to be the dominant drivers of wireless capacity growth today [8]. As it is

Abstract— The ultimate goal of Fiber Wireless (FI-WI) networks is to convergence of various optical and wireless technologies under a single infrastructure in order to take advantage of their complementary features and therefore providing a network capable of supporting bandwidth hungry emerging applications for both fixed and mobile clients. The Fi-Wi architecture is based on radio

Abstract – Conventional wireless communication schemes use radio/micro wave frequencies for data transmission, primarily because of the availability of high sensitivity receivers and ability to provide broad coverage at low frequencies and line of sight communication at high frequencies. But, RF can support only a limited bandwidth due to confined spectrum availability. Therefore the expanding demand for wireless data has led to clogging of the radio spectrum. Thus there is a need to study and use new communication technologies in near future that will reduce interference and will be a clean source of communication. Communication is providing new advances constantly, people are depending more and more on the benefits they provide.