Wireless LANs have expanded greatly and rapidly in recent years. The expansio¬¬¬¬¬n has caused many benefits to the end users but at the same time it has introduced problem of overlapping BSS (Basic Service Set) where BSS (i.e. WLAN cells) is fundamental block of IEEE 802.11 WLAN architecture. OBSS occurs due to two or more unrelated BSSs are used at the same place, at the same time and with the same frequency channel. With the expansion of channel bandwidth to 80 MHz (may be, 160 MHz) in upcoming standards, the OBSS problem is likely to be very severe in the future. This paper examines how OBSS can be harmful to the networks and how it can be avoided using beam forming, distributed coordination across different APs, and power management. …show more content…
The problem becomes intense when there are many OBSS using the same channel. The wide range WLAN usage has caused “tragedy of commons” problem especially at public places. OBSS cause problems such as low efficiency, higher congestion and low data rate. OBSS is a problem for 802.11 when it is intended to use for applications which require QoS. EDCA does not solve this problem as it does not require other BSSs to coordinate. Admission control only solves bandwidth allocation problem within a single network and does not address OBSS [2]. POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS A number of solutions have been recommended in the past up to today to reduce potential interference due to OBSS problem. Frequency channel assignment can be a solution where BSS, during initial setup, scans the area to avoid channels that are already being used at other BSSs in the same area [1]. This solution can be useful only if the network has been carefully designed. Second solution can be dynamic channel switching. Channel switching has the same concept like frequency channel assignment but it periodically checks for any OBSS situation. If an AP detects other BSS on the same channel then it will switch to different channel. A third solution can be falling back to narrow band mode when two BSSs operate on the same channel [1]. So, if two BSSs found to be operating on same 80 MHz channel (in case of 802.11ac), they both can fall back to two different 40
Association: Each station must initially associate with an AP before it can send information through a WLAN. The association maps a station to the distribution system via an AP. For this purpose, a station must establish an association with an AP within a particular BSS. The AP can then communicate this information to other APs within the ESS to facilitate routing and delivery of addressed
Right-click the folder holding the contents of the files you want to share, click Properties. In the Properties window, it will display the size of the folder. That's how much space that will be required on the other computer.
Wireless network infrastructure has become just another connection method for corporate and home users alike. This rapid acceptance can be attributed from:
Thank you for the response to the previous message regarding the database questions. Also, I realize Justin remains out of the office, however as I slowly but surely populate the revised database with information from visits that occurred since late August; I’m forwarding over questions as they arise as I don’t want to be unable to remember them.
This is a direct extension of the 802.11b that extends the maximum data rate to 54Mbps, making it possible to serve up to five times as many users. Our Wi-Fi network is based on the IEEE 802.11 b/g standards, which is the most commonly used standard. We have added Wi-Fi access points in our network to give easier access to corporate data and services. Most of the devices in this network, for example the personal computers, smartphones, digital cameras, tablets and digital audio players connected using the Wi-Fi technology. The hotspot will be in the range of 20 meters (66 feet) indoors and a greater range outside.
Outline a wireless network and technology that you use regularly. The WLANs which are derived from the IEEE 802.11 standards, and marketed under the Wi-Fi trademark name. The WLANs security is neither forthright/candid nor simple, and it is continuously varying. Even though, as WLAN increase client output, they also expose the networks to a new group of potential hackers. With the present inherent security weakness of the 802.11 standard, all companies, small, medium or large, need to find out their security conditions derived from the applications using the WLAN. The standards also provide requirements for high-speed networks that support most modern-day applications. What sorts of security issues do
6. Because of the use of frequency hopping, the likelihood of other wireless networks interfering is very low (Johnson,2004).
Open the back cover of the cellphone. Pull out the battery of the cellphone, SIM card and Memory card.
Each synchronized period consists of one CCH interval followed by a SCH interval. The default division for each interval is 50 ms. Each CCH and SCH interval begins with a 4 ms guard interval, which is used by the radio to transfer control from one channel to another. Compared to other 802.11 standards, 802.11p has a number of distinguishing features. For example, in 802.11p, a transmitter broadcasts each packet to all other nodes in the network on the CCH. In order to prevent the network from flooding with Acknowledgement messages (ACKs), 802.11p receivers do not send an ACK to the transmitter. Thus, there is no feedback mechanism provided by the receiver, and consequently, Contention Window size of the 802.11p transmitter remains fixed. If a DSRC
The PV module has been designed by considering the irradiance, temperature and number of PV cells connected in series and parallel. Figure 5.1 shows the simulink model of solar system. Here only function file used to show the solar system, the program code is given in the appendix. Here we are using a battery. The system is generated 240volt and current is 2.9 A.
The needs assessment done previously shows that orthopedic cases are expected to climb by 46%, with a 30% increase in inpatient joint and spine procedures. As well, it is expected that outpatient joint and spine procedures are expected to increase by 350%. These numbers show that within the defined market area, there is a high demand for the orthopedic center. Further research shows that the other 2 hospitals that we are in direct competition with provide strong orthopedic programs; however, both facilities are private hospitals, thereby increasing the demand for a strong orthopedic program at Trinity. We are finding that because of our prime location
This will provide the company with the chance to more efficiently manage its activities (Mangiaracina et al, 2011). At present, the company does not have any key plans in place to provide it with help with managing its applications. It is however critical for the company’s management to ensure that it clearly understands the importance of putting in places a wireless technology. This is due to the fact that the company will have a better chance to track its inventory while at the same time ensure that it is able to remotely control all of its 10 new stores (Rekik et al, 2009).
I work at for hospital in the medical billing department, back in November 2016 we had a new system installed called EPIC. However, the company that created EPIC stated all through training this is the best system the hospital could have invested in for their billing system. As of January 2017 ,this system is not working, we cannot send claims to insurance carriers, and we are not receiving money we have over $28,000,000 million dollars in outstanding claims from November until now. Our director called a meeting with management staff to discuss the outstanding balance because he wanted to know why the claims were not being sent to the insurance carriers. At this point, he is very
It’s very important to determine the device and application requirements based on bandwidth, protocols and frequency. In wireless network, bandwidth, protocols and sometime environmental conditions affect the speed of the channel so we need to calculate the aggregate throughputs before designing the network. Today, users carry Wi-Fi devices such as notebooks, laptops, tablets and Smartphone’s so total throughput must be calculated by estimating number of connections rather than the number of the seats. Some common wireless networking standards such as 802.11a/b/g/n invented in the IEEE association must be supported by wireless network. For better performance and for faster devices (802.11n devices), dual-ratio access points should be deployed. Table1 [3] illustrate the different IEEE standards and throughput.
A wireless computer can "roam" from one access point to another, with the software and hardware maintaining a steady network connection by monitoring the signal strength from in-range access points and locking on to the one with the best quality. Usually this is completely transparent to the user; they are not aware that a different access point is being used from area to area. Some access point configurations require security authentication when swapping access points, usually in the form of a password dialog box.