In General, The External Or Internal Controls Are Critical

Leaders in the public sector are expected to maintain a level of morality and integrity which serves the interests of society, while at the same time demonstrates personal responsibility, diplomacy, and truthfulness. Therefore, when attempting to arrive at appropriate ethical decisions, public administrators must possess the capacity to exercise moral imagination. However, moral imagination is not enough. Responsible administration in the public sector also requires acting based on the “right”

Over the years leadership theories have been developed as philosophers define leadership approaches. There are a variety of leadership theories that have been developed. This paper will focus on an analysis of path-goal, transformational, and servant leadership theorie, and how each theory applies to the challenges of organizational change.

The management of an organization plays an integral part in determining the direction and performance of the organization. The manner in which the management of an organization is handled has a profound effect on the organization. The success of an organization is dependent upon a flexible and skilled management and workforce. The management of an organization is responsible for shaping up the organizational behavior and ultimately the culture within the organization. Public management faces a multiple of challenges and opportunities, how the management deals with these issues translates to efficiency in management. The personal judgments and skills of public managers can make a significant impact in public management. If

Accountability is what establishes public trust. Public administrators should expect to be held accountable for what they say and what they do. Serving the public means being transparent, not keeping secrets. Citizens expect that public administrators and organizations are working on their behalf. They expect that the employees and the organization are providing programs, products and services that are in the best interest of the communities and the individuals that the organization supports. Ethics serve as the bridge for accountability between the administration and the public. Ethical practices create an environment of trust. The trust that the public places in these organizations is the cornerstone for the building and maintaining of communities that thrive. It’s important to note that organizations are only as good as the people that are in them. The people that are in them look to their leadership as a guide for what they do and how they do it. Leaders that exhibit moral conduct, honesty, integrity and transparency will set the foundation for the organization and the employees within it and these values will even penetrate throughout the citizenry and the community. (IACP, n.d.) This will have a direct impact on potential issues, hopefully minimizing

Given the crucial role that government plays in society, public administrative values should begin with a deep commitment to these concepts. In keeping with the tenets of democratic theory, Public Administrators are presumed to share the values of the larger society and, at the same time, have an individually developed and deeply rooted commitment to the concepts of representative government. In the public sector, responsible public administration embraces and promotes ethical behavior and practices in the workplace. Since people are impacted by internal and external factors, there is also the potential for Public Administrators to be influenced to participate in or adopt behaviors that cause them

Business leaders can get caught up in the overwhelming pressures of preparing their companies to grow and meet the challenges in a global economy. These leaders understand the need for organizational changes and adaptations but fall short of achieving their goals when their leadership styles do not inspire or motivate their followers. It is critical that leaders understand their particular style of leadership and the impact it has on employees, peers, and company success. The need for effective leadership is just as critical in the public sector as it is in business.

Discovered by Dr. James McGregor Burns, Transformational Leadership relates to engagement and connectivity. Dr. Bernard Bass expounded Burn’s work with transactional leadership in his publication Work Leadership. Burns and Bass suggest that leaders should raise consciousness to their followers by sharing the importance of the values and goals of an organization, in turn, motivating followers to address higher management level needs. In 1985, Bass released Leadership and Performance beyond expectation breaking down transformational leadership into four parts.

Leadership can be interpreted in many different ways and styles. In the Unit discussions it is taught that the term leadership can be broken down into an array of different styles. These styles include: Power Model, Administrative Model, Transformative Model, Smaller Agency, Midsized Agency, Large-sized Agency, Homogenous Community, Heterogeneous Community, and Metropolitan Community. While going more in depth with the functions of these models, the Transformative Model correlates the best with this personal leadership portrait. Considering the tasks that public service workers are responsible for, the transformative model would be best suited for a leader in this field.

Similar to servant leadership, authentic leadership has developed from questionable business practices and general societal fear and uncertainty in times of peril (Northouse, 2016). One of the newer areas of leadership, authentic leadership has risen from the search for honest, trustworthy, and positive leadership approaches (Northouse, 2016; Nyberg & Sveniningsson, 2014). According to Northouse (2016), the concept of authentic leadership originates from transformational leadership theory and the work of Bass (1990) and Bass and Steildmeier (1997) on authentic transformational leadership. Desires to be genuine, “true to oneself” or “real” are generally not new, however, research on authentic leadership in terms of

Inward administration control is for the most part characterized as the procedure affected by the an element's administration, top managerial staff and other top faculty, intended to give discerning confirmation as to the accomplishment of goals in productivity and adequacy of operations, consistence with relevant arrangements, laws and directions and unwavering quality of budgetary reporting. Inward control can help an element accomplish its execution and gainfulness targets and avoid loss of assets (Cheng, Dhaliwal and Zhang, 2013). It goes far in guaranteeing trustworthy budgetary reporting consequently evading harm to an element's notoriety and different results and helping a substance to achieve its objectives and stay away from undesirable

In a profession world, individuals seek accountability and honor as one of the most leading characteristics of all time. For example, in a normal workplace honor and accountability are made to be all about leadership. The goal is to always hold a very professional setting and have whoever’s working with you to be accountable of a respectable tone towards you. A majority of the individuals in a professional workplace won’t take time out to get to know the origin, on how honor and accountability were brought to our attention and exactly where it came from. Accountability defines as “An increasingly complex and difficult concept for public administration and also becomes more difficult to ensure in an era of government reform. “One issue that’s regarding accountability in public administration surrounds the tension between the “neutral competence” and “responsive competence” of civil servants.” (Bovens, M. A. P., Robert E. Goodin, and Thomas Schillemans).When we further discuss how important accountability is in public administration we make sure to explain how complex and difficult it can be when dealing with private or public sectors. While analyzing accountability and responsibility goes hand and hand, being a responsible agent, trustworthy and accountable are big steps to becoming a major leader in the near future. As mentioned responsibility is based more on a controlled behavior, or should we say more on how a person handles the situation that is given to him or her.

In brief, authentic leadership is defined as a “leadership that emphasizes building the leader 's legitimacy through honest relationships with followers which value their input and are built on an ethical foundation” (Authentic Leadership, n.d.). As leaders, they create close, trusting bonds with their followers through their transparency and their drive to serve their followers (Northouse, 2016). Practical approaches to authentic leadership are linked to a set of five initial characteristics that individuals need to possess. These include motivation, well developed values, strong relational connections, self-control and passion (Northouse,

Though there is a general acceptance of the need for a mix of both external and internal controls to maintain ethical and responsible conduct in public service, more should be done to encourage stronger internal controls as a defense against fickle public opinion and popular trends, negative organizational pressure, as well as the ever more prevalent victim mentality. One proven way to strengthen internal controls and give a more defined sense of purpose which also provides inspiration to give service to others and sacrifice one’s own self-interests is to develop a morality based on religious values and principles. Many negative facets of modern society pose a significant threat to ethical and responsible conduct. The current postmodern trends of rejecting formerly core societal values have provided

If we study the authentic leadership characters like passion, compassion, consistency and connectness with followers. Which shows authentic leadership as a process centered on the interactions between leaders and followers. ALSAQ result tells me that I have an authentic leadership behavior. I like authentic leadership from Martin Luther King Jr. because a sense of right and wrong being his guiding factor. Authentic leaders listen to the inner conscience to guide them in decision making and taking a stand on controversial issues. In this way,

Internal controls are methods a company implements to safeguard and protect the company in its day-to-day operations as well as its financial information. To ensure these controls are effective and performing properly a company must evaluate these controls. In performing this evaluation a company should use the three phases of the control evaluation. These phases consist of understanding the documenting of internal control, assessing the control risks, and performing tests of the controls and reassessing control risks.