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In astrology, Aries is considered a new beginning and, in turn, begins John Gardner’s novel (Heindel 163). This chapter focuses on the cyclical nature of astrology. According to Grendel, this is the twelfth year of his “idiotic war” (Gardner 5). He notes that this year will, more than likely, be just like all those

The stars in the sky are filled with numerous patterns and constellations, which has sparked the birth of zodiac signs. Early Babylonians identified twelve constellations that represented the seasonal progression of the earth. They later called this the science of stars or celestial bodies, which is known as astrology. These twelve “signs” each have their own set of characteristics. John Gardner, author of Grendel, was able to intelligently place a zodiac representation into each chapter of the novel, which either was shown through Grendel, humans, or the environment. Throughout the novel, Grendel is constantly changing feelings and developing new emotions, which can be represented by these signs. Additionally, Grendel expresses that he is “locked in the deadly progression of moon and stars” (Gardner 8), which shows the novel’s progression with the patterns of stars. Three zodiac signs that closely relate to the changing of Grendel’s emotions are Aries, Libra, and Pisces.

The last few lines in the poem are sentience that have been chopped up into different lines, to help

As a result of this emotional pain, the Dragon’s statement to just find gold and sit on it serves to produce an alternate path for Grendel - a path of true disdain for humans and their development. However, signs that Grendel may have been tormented by these demons present themselves early in the book, with the quote, “So it goes with me day by day and age by age, I tell myself. Locked in the deadly progression of moon and stars. I shake my head, muttering darkly on shaded paths, holding conversation with the only friend and comfort this world allows, my shadow” (8). The Dragon discusses these same concepts with Grendel (being locked in the progression of life, holding conversations with shadows) and continues to question the reason behind caring, and promotes a life of lethargy, a self-destructive

The fact that enjambment is used throughout the poem such as in the lines, “like a colour slide or press an ear against its hive” portrays a lack of structure and therefore emphasizes the initial enjoyment one feels when reading a poem before the chore of analyzing it begins. This is also emphasized through the fact that the poem is a free verse poem.

Over time, the individuals within Herot have become aware of the evils and menacing conditions that have sprung from Grendel’s and his mother environment. Unfortunately, Beowulf’s boastful attitude and past war experiences with numerous creatures has led him to undermine dangers of the lair. During Hrothgar’s speech to Beowulf, Hrothgar uses figurative language, vivid imagery, and displeasing syntax to demonstrate how Grendel’s environment is filled with treachery, hellish components, and danger, creating a sense of fear and concern for Beowulf, which will allow him to develop a humble attitude. The poem provides a description on how creatures that possess superior qualities, similar to Beowulf, do not survive in Grendel’s lair. Hrothgar uses distasteful syntax and provides vivid examples to assert how creatures that contain superior characteristics and/or qualities are tarnished by the menacing environment.

Such a long explanation seems out of place in a poem full of fast-paced action, supernatural beheadings, seductive temptresses, and jolly hunts. The narrator realizes this but plunges into his description after inserting a disclaimer: ``And why the pentangle is proper to that peerless prince / I intend now to tell, though detain me it must'' (30. 623-4). This alerts the reader to pay attention, that the symbolic meaning of the pentangle is important to a proper understanding of thenarrator's message.

In the Passage "The Crossing" the Author Cormac McCarthy's give techniques convey the impact of the experience on the main characters. Like in paragraph Line 5 it says "he cradled the wolf in his arms and lowered her to the ground and unfolded the sheet" so basically the author is trying to point out how he Billy killed the wolf and then carries her through the mountains to burry her . Another good piece of evidence is that the "Coyotes were yapping along the hills to the south and the were calling from the dark shapes" well from my point of view it sounds like the wolfs were crying but as you continue to read on you'll see that it says it in line 13.

Therefore, Griet’s identity undergoes a lot of changes throughout the novel. First, she is maid who is duty- bound to work in an unknown place due to her family’s needs’. As the book continues, she starts developing her opinion as well as

A common theme or motif in a literary work is the loss of innocence. This loss of innocence can refer to learning the truth of the world. Every person has to go through this loss of innocence in order to grow and develop as a person. In Grendel, the titular character goes through this sort of loss of innocence. The old dragon’s display of negativity creates conflict felt by Grendel and aids in his development as a character, as well as advances the plot.

The poet also used imagery to appeal to the senses. The puzzling force that abhors the wall "sends the frozen-ground-swell under it, and spills the upper boulders in the sun."

The shaper’s introduction describes a blind old man arriving to Herot one night; “One night, inevitably, a blind man turned up at Hrothgar’s temporary meadhall. He was carrying a harp” (Gardner 40). The shaper brings hope to the Danes. He tells fabricated stories of past Danes and how great they were to get the people of Herot excited and motivated. The shaper’s words are so powerful that he inspires Hrothgar to build a bigger mead hall. The shaper acts as a wise old teacher that eventually the people of Herot come to rely on for stability. He represents a time of new, filled with religion and Christian beliefs; “He told of an ancient feud between two brothers which split all the world between darkness and light. And I, Grendel, was the dark side, he said in effect. The terrible race God cursed” (Gardner 51). The stories told about religion are so powerful that he shapes the mind of Grendel into this evil creature God cursed. The dragon’s description of the shaper tells how the Danes need him for more than just entertainment but also for stability and guidance; “Shaper saves them. Provides an illusion of reality-puts together all their facts with a gluey whine of connectedness” (Gardner 65). When the shaper dies, the Danes are thrown into morning and a time of despair. The depiction of the scop in Grendel, resembles a wise disciple, guiding the Danes through the mysteries of life using religion and

1) Briefly describe Leo’s life story up to his present (in the narrative). What are the main events of his life that explain his behaviors? Leo is afraid of dying where nobody will know he die. Therefore, he forces himself to go out every day.

“The relationship between the energies of the inquiring mind that an intelligent reader brings to the poem and the poem’s refusal to yield a single comprehensive interpretation enacts vividly the everlasting intercourse between the human mind, with its instinct to organise and harmonise, and the baffling powers of the universe about it.”

Roy articulates that “Esthappen and Rahel woke to the shout of sleep surprised by shattered kneecaps” (Roy 292). The production of repetitive constant sound using sibilance a type of alliteration allows for Velutha’s pain from society to be expressed through the hissing sounds created when readers read the sentence. Leading up to the passage Roy uses more alliteration to draw the attention of readers to the destruction of Velutha and says, “Cowering on the floor, rocking between dread and disbelief, they realized that the man being beaten was Velutha” (Roy 292). The repetition of the first letters in the word such as dread and disbelief and man being beaten conveys a message that Estha and Rahel fears for the life of Velutha who’s low social standing brought punishment and brutality to his life. Velutha remains the small god as he is being beaten by the big things who are touchable. Alliteration is also presented by Roy as she says, “Boots on Bone. On teeth” (Roy 292). She emphasizes how Velutha is considered a sub-human and a small thing to society so the destruction of small god did not matter to the big things of the society. Roy uses a good amount of alliteration to make the death of an untouchable in the Indian society a bold, noticeable, and memorable death. Velutha’s death impacts the readers and draws attention to show how the caste