In Search of Respect Guide

Scientists have suggested that biological characteristics of males predispose them towards certain behavior and statistical evidence exists to support these ideas. Blum examined crime reports in the United States and Europe and noted that men commit ten to fifteen times as many robberies as women (459). She also noted that for those robberies men were twice as likely to use a gun while committing the crime. Daly and Wilson present homicide rates for men and women in their article “Darwinism and the Roots of Machismo.” They found that in the United States, Canada, and England over a time period spanning 15 to 20 years, men committed 10 to 30 times as many homicides as women. Based on these statistics it is clear

Another important issue that Cisneros addresses in her story is gender roles in the Latino community. In Mexico, being born a male is of higher prestige and value

* Gender Roles in Puerto Rico have become more progressive in recent years, however the topical gender roles are traditional. Boys are boys and girls are girls. Recently a new governor was elected, Gloria Ruiz Kuilan,a reporter from " El Nuevo Dia" characterizes the recent outcry from LGBT community that wished to challenge the typical traditional ideas of the school system. Even still, the overall consensus in schools are that gender roles are more conservative.

Bourdieu defines cultural capital as "the general background, knowledge, disposition, and skill that are passed from one generation to the next" (13), and he affirms that children from different classes inherit different cultural capital. Bourdieu suggests that the cultural capital that upper class children

According to feminist researchers, the exclusion of women in their daily lives, the inferiority they are made to feel and the stereotypes that empower them are what push females to be delinquent and turn to a life of crime. The thought of being inferior to males is exclusive and anxiety provoking and therefore results in unpredictable and unethical behaviour on their behalf (M Donaldson, 1993). The domination of males over females as a reason for crime can be explored in the Marxist theory of Hegemonic masculinity. This can be described as actions and stereotypes that promote the dominant social position of men in comparison to women in society (Connell, R.W. 2005). The male dominance over women is exerted all throughout society, in education, work places, and communities and as a result also within the criminal justice system.

Cultural capital is different for each child. The relationships and resources between classes have profound affects on student outcomes and social mobility. When I began my research about the history of American education, I was still hypmotized by the individualistic idealism that is characterized in American culture. One of my favorite movies is Rocky Balboa, has long inspired me that anyone can make it in America with hard work ethic. I grew up with the idea that colorblindness was the appropriate way to consider society in general. My veil of ignorance is slowly being lifted as I continue to understand and learn about the communities that make up our world. If we are going to build relationships that support each other, then we have

My friend has accepted that there is cultural differences and seems to heavily embrace many aspects of the Latin American culture. Although my friend is struggling with some “attitudes” in regards to gender roles in this culture. By increasing her knowledge of the Latin American cultural perspectives on this issue, it can create a broader understanding of why gender roles are the way they’re in this culture.

This stems from the stereotypes concerning male sex roles, sexual motivation, and sexual functioning. In our society, sexual assault is a major social problem and researchers are beginning to delve more into the topic. This is because there are significant psychological problems that happen after an assault. One problem is that not much scientific research has been done that has been attentive to male victims and their needs. The researchers hypothesized that a male victim of female sexual assault would be judged as more likely to have encouraged or initiated the assault, less likely to be able to be forced to have sex, more likely to have enjoyed the interaction because of the physical reaction, and less likely to experience high stress from the event.

(p.112).The female will commonly prey on child victims in a daycare or professional role where they are in a setting secluded. Male offenders on the other hand are show much more aggressive personality traits within themselves, which Terry (2012) goes on to example drives the feminist theory of motives behind the male rapist. Power and control over the woman rather than sexual desire. In terms of child victims, the male will commonly prey on family members where he will gain that trust level that makes the victim feel guilty for the incident and the environment to reoffend is ever

(Doherty et al. 87) It is believed that a man is not a “real man” if he cannot defend himself against a woman, and that a man should initially have been “too strong to overpower”. (Mitchell et al. 369) On that same point, men are also expected to be stronger mentally. Meaning that men have the expectancy to cope with sexual assault easier women because they are “emotionally tougher”. (Davies et al. 277) “It is difficult to imagine even a dominant woman coercing an unwilling man into a sexual situation or to imagine a man being unwilling if the opportunity for sex occurred”. (Smith et al. 102) Another claim is that men are sexual initiators, and that they are more sexually assertive than women. By believing that men are only interested in sex it initiates the belief that all male victims enjoyed their assault. One of the major claims against male victims is on the matter of arousal. This topic raises doubts, hesitation, and generally uncertainty that leads most victims to refrain from reporting their assault. (¨Male Victims of Rape and Sexual Abuse¨ 381) Society believes that a man cannot be aroused when he is in position of fear, anxiety, and confusion. This often prompts people, who generally do not believe the victim, to form the question of whether the victim “wanted

3. The reason these men feel guilt and shame is because they are raised to be tough. Men aren't “suppose” to show their sensitive side because if they show their sensitive side then they are called a sissy. The reason they become submissive to their perpetrators is because most of them feel weak and insecure after the first time, so the perpetrator feeds off this weakness and it makes it easier to abuse the child. In society from the time we are born there is an immediate stigma placed on males and females. The stigma that falls on males is that they are always suppose to be the tough ones and show no weakness, they're not suppose to be afraid of anything, but that isn't the case for women. The stigma for women is that we are suppose to be

Although in many situations the male figure is the one initiating the “spontaneous” act of sexual assault, there have been studies that have proven that their is a process of victimization. Victimization is defined as the act of singling someone for cruel or unjust treatment. Women may not realize, but many of their choices and actions may lead them into risky and/or harmful situations. In a study done by Koss, Gidycz, and Wisniewski (1987) 339

and Harrower, J. (2008) "Attribution Of Blame In Cases Of Rape: An Analysis Of Participant Gender, Type Of Rape And Perceived Similarity To The Victim". Aggression and Violent Behavior 13 (5), 396-405

As stated above, one reason males being raped by females is not commonly known is because victims blame themselves. Male victims of rape, like female victims, are likely to be blamed by others for their own rape (Anderson, 2004). When victims blame themselves multiple questions run through their mind to where in the end they blame themselves for the action occurring and not want to tell anyone due to fear of embarrassment. Due to stereotypes, multiple studies have shown that male victims of rape are being blame for their assault. Male victims tend to be blamed more than female victims on behavior blame measures, due to societal stereotypes that a man should be able to defend for themselves (Davies and Rogers, 2006). However, women are not expected to be able to defend for themselves. While male victims are held responsible for the rape on account of their behavior during the attack, female victims are attributed more blame on account of their internal characteristics (Doherty and Anderson, 2004). Stating that males are blamed for not being masculine enough to fight off their attacker and females are blamed for putting themselves in that situation when they should have been safer. The fact that males can be victims of rape challenges may beliefs about men’s masculinity. Males that identify as homosexual are judged to be more at fault than males that identify as heterosexual (Davis and Rogers, 2006). Homosexual males are seen as violating gender role

Men and women are both forced into two unequal and segregated categories. Where certain traits and activates are seen as masculine and other feminine. These traits and activates are not natural born instinct but rather, “society creates, patterns, and rewords our understanding of femininity and masculinity”(WVFV.PG116) Society expects that women will be passive, nurturing, put kids first and submissive. While symolanoulsly, expecting men to be the opposite strong, aggressive, and violent. Violence is the troubling trait assigned to masculinity and media has enforced the idea that a man is not a man unless he is violent. This violence is often times committed against women because media has also trained and tricked society into believing men should be more dominate than women. So, when a male feels threatened by a women, he may revert back to the images of violence he has seen in the media of powerful males. The powerful males are usually aggressive and violent characters such as Rocky and