In Situ Carcinoma Pathology

Breast Cancer is a cancerous tumor that has developed within the cells of the breast. The most ordinary area in the breast for breast cancer to develop is the ducts, and less ordinary in the lobules of the breast. The cancerous cells can intrude healthy breast tissue over time, or cells can break off from the tumor and travel to the lymph nodes and into the lymphatic system which could take them to other parts of the body (“Breast Cancer-Woman’s”).

Breast cancer is one of the cancer diseases which can be detected early by looking at its symptoms. Symptoms may include a lump or thickening

Benign and malignant papillary lesions of the breast can be very difficult to distinguish on cytology[2,3]. It is said to occur more frequently among whites and postmenopausal women[2]. Papillary lesions of breast have been evaluated in a wide spectrum ranging from intraductal papilloma to insitu papillary carcinoma of breast and invasive papillary carcinoma[3,4].

Breast cancer is a malignant tumor in the glandular tissues of the breast. Such tumors, also called carcinomas, form when the chemical processes that control normal cell growth break down, enabling a single abnormal cell to multiply at a rapid rate (Hickman). Carcinomas,

IDC is a ductal breast cancer because it developed in the ducts. When you have a physical exam and a mammogram and they show signs of IDC you’ll have a biopsy to collect cells to be analyzed. The doctor will be able to make a diagnosis by the results.

According to nationalbreastcancer.org, identifying any symptoms involve three things. They include: a change in how the breast or nipple feels, change in appearance in the breast or nipple and any nipple discharge. Usually the nipple feels tender or one may feel a lump in or on the breast or underarm area. There may also be a change in the skin texture or enlargement of pores in the skin of the breast or a lump in the breast. When trying to identify symptoms for the appearance it is always best to ask and be safe that it is not cancerous. The appearance changes include: unexplained change in shape or size of the breast, unexplained swelling in the breast, unexplained shrinkage in the breast, dimpling anywhere in the breast, or a nipple that is turned slightly inward or inverted (nationalbreastcancer.org). As for the discharge, it is very important to note that a milky discharge present when a woman is not breastfeeding should be checked out by a doctor, but it is not linked to breast cancer

Breast cancer that develops from breast tissue. Signs of breast cancer may include a lump in the breast, a change in breast shape, dimpling of the skin, fluid coming from the nipple, or a red scaly patch of skin. In those with distant spread of the disease, there may be bone pain, swollen lymph nodes, shortness of breath, or yellow skin.

The most common type of breast cancer being ductile carcinoma in situ (DCIS): meaning that the cancer cell growth starts in the milk ducts. Breast cancer has 0 to 4 stages.

Stage 0, carcinoma in situ, has 3 different types of carcinoma in situ. The first type is Ductal carcinoma in situ. In this condition, there are abnormal cells that are lining the duct of the breast, but, has not metastasized to other parts of the body. The second type is Lobular carcinoma in situ. There are abnormal cells found in the lobules of the breast in this condition. Cancer.gov says that having LCIS in one breast increases the risk of having breast cancer in one or both breasts. The last type is Paget disease, where abnormal cells are only found in the nipple. Next, is stage 1. In stage one we find that the person, has developed cancer. The stage is split into states IA and IB. In stage IA, the cancer cell is 2 centimeters or smaller, while in stage IB there are chunks of cancer cells smaller than 2 millimeters. In stage IA the cancer hasn’t spread but in stage IB it’s found in the lymph nodes. Stage 2 also is split into two parts, IIA and IIB. In IIA the tumor has either not been found in the breast, but 1 to 3 axillary lymph nodes or in the lymph nodes near the breastbone (Cancer.gov). Or, the tumor is no bigger than 5 centimeters and has not advanced to the lymph nodes. In stage IIB there are cancer cells in the lymph nodes, they haven’t spread to the lymph nodes, or they have spread to 1 to 3 axillary lymph nodes or in the lymph nodes near the breastbone (Cancer.gov).

Breast cancer metastases are defined when the localised breast cancer spreads to distant sites beyond the breast and axillary lymph nodes. The main sites for breast cancer metastasises include lymph nodes, bone, brain, liver and the lungs (Uematsu, et al 2005). The process of breast cancer metastases is as follows. Firstly, the primary tumour undergoes cell division and growth. This then causes the invasion of the primary tumour into the basement membrane tissue surrounding the cell. The tumour than moves into the bloodstream and/or lymph channels

The term used to describe the benign condition that may have caused Ms. Barker's breast mass is benign breast disease (BBD. BBD is group of noncancerous breast conditions that causes irregular lumps, cysts, sensitive nipples, and itching (bk).According to Sangma, Panda, and Dasiah (2013), BBDs is classified as either pathological or clinical. Pathologically, BBDs is divided into non-proliferative lesions, proliferative lesions without atypia, and atypical proliferative lesions. Clinically, BBDs is categorized as physiologic swelling and tenderness, nodularity, breast pain, palpable lumps, nipple discharge, and infections or inflammation. The classification of BBDs may cause confusion due to a lack of clarity in differentiating between the normal

Invasive lobular carcinoma is the cancer cells developed from the lobules to the breast tissues that are nearby. Certain invasive cancer cells can also expand to other parts of the body. There are numerous other less well-known kinds of breast cancer such as Paget’s disease, medullary, mucinous, and inflammatory breast cancer. Ductal carcinoma in situ is the appearance of irregular cells inside a milk duct in the breast. The cancer cells are particularly in the covering of the ducts and have not expanded to additional tissues in the breast. Many women have distinctive manifestations of breast cancer. Some people do not have any indications or signs at all. A woman may pronounce out that they have breast cancer after a regular mammogram. Some caution signs of breast cancer are: lump in the breast or armpit, thickening or swelling of part of the breast, irritation or dimpling of breast skin, redness or flaky skin in the nipple area or the breast, pulling in of the nipple or pain in the nipple area, nipple discharge other than breast milk, including blood, any change in the size or the shape of the breast, Pain in any area of the

Between the periods of 1975-1977 and 1990-1992 IBC has said to have been seen doubling in its incidence rate. It now affects more Europeans (0.3-0.7 per 100,000 cases per year) and Africans (0.6-1.1 per 100,000 cases per year) than before increasing their incidence rates. Tumor, rubor, dolor, tenderness and discolouration of the breast are the classical characteristics of the inflammatory process going on beneath the tissue surface of the breast in IBC. It is argued that the diagnosis of this carcinoma must be based on these classical signs and not solely the histological pattern. Most articles and studies would have shown that the presence of a tumor in the dermal lymphatics and the classical signs of IBC can lead to the diagnosis of IBC. IBC can be split into two main categories depending on its clinical and physical appearance. These two categories are primary and secondary inflammatory breast

     Two forms of cancer affect the breast they are ductal carcinoma and lobular carcinoma. Ductal carcinoma the commonest form of breast cancer, begins in the lining of the breast’s ducts. The thin tubes connecting various parts of the breast and which lead to the nipple. Lobular carcinoma is found in the breast’s lobules.

spread to the lymph nodes. The tumor is generally smaller than 2 inches (5 centimeters)