In the United Kingdom (UK), the Professional Conduct in Relation to Tax (PCRT) is adopted to govern the conduct of tax professionals. The PCRT is a guide jointly produced by seven-leading tax and accountancy bodies which sets out the fundamental principles and standards of behaviour that tax consultants are expected to follow.
These regulations include: i)fundamental principles, ii)expected standards and iii)general and specific guidance. The fundamental principles form the foundation of PCRT’s standards and guidance. It governs the ethicality of tax professionals and encompasses Integrity, Objectivity, Professional Competence & Due Care, Confidentiality and Professional Behaviour. The PCRT also acts as a guidance for tax consultants in
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In this context, consultants are to inform their client if the tax law is materially uncertain and give appropriate advice in relation to the risks and circumstances of each case. They are also encouraged to seek professional help whenever uncertain. This hence deters tax consultants and clients alike from exploiting loopholes in tax laws given a better understanding of the potential risks associated. Thirdly, disclosure and transparency requires disclosure to be made as required by law, and tax consultants must recommend clients for full and transparent disclosure whenever possible. This encourages taxpayers to be compliant through enhanced transparency for both the tax payer and the government.
In addition, tax planning arrangement states that tax consultants must never create, encourage or promote any form of tax planning arrangements that either; i)have the intention to achieve results which conflicts with that of the Parliament and/ or ii)are highly artificial or unrealistic and seek to exploit loopholes in the legislation1. This principle discourages the creation and usage of aggressive tax planning techniques by laying out the government’s views and expectations on appropriate tax planning schemes. Lastly, professional judgement and appropriate documentation requires tax consultants to justify their professional judgements by supporting it with convincing paperwork. Tax consultants are also expected to
Statements on Standards for Tax Services No.1 addresses a member’s obligation to advise a taxpayer of their work. This statement also summarizes forth the applicable standards for members when recommending tax position or prepare tax return. A tax return position means a position that a practitioner uses his or her knowledge of all the materials and facts to provide tax service to a taxpayer. What’s more, there are more specific reporting and disclosure standards for tax preparers which a member should determine and comply. If there are no written standards with respect to recommending a tax return position or preparing or signing a tax return, or if its standards are lower than other standards, a member shouldn’t recommend a tax return position or
The Code of Professional Conduct is a legislated code that sets out the professional and ethical standards required of registered tax agents and BAS Agents. It outlines the duties that agents owe to their clients, the tax practitioners board (TPB) and other agents. It includes principles which are organised into 5 main categories. Honesty and Integrity, Independence, Confidentiality, Competence and Other responsibilities.
The second category is upholding the customary standards of professional practice. Harris uses contingency fees in this example; the issue here is
The Caldicott Report 1997 set out 6 principles to govern the access to and use of confidential information as follow: the purpose of using confidential information must be justified; confidential information must only be used when absolutely necessary; the minimum necessary to achieve the purpose should be used; access to confidential information must be on a strict need-to-know basis; everyone accessing confidential information must understand his or her responsibilities and everyone accessing confidential information must comply with the law.
The management of a consulting project calls on a variety of skills. This is an actuality that has been stressed throughout the course lectures, seminars and cases as well as throughout the course literature. The fact that consultants must integrate their skills when conducting a consulting project is as clear-cut as it is evident.
The Probation Officer and Offender role has been widely examined, specifically in regards to the effective management of risk (McNeill, 2009, NOMS 2010). Within this, it is recognised that the relationship between these individuals is paramount to the effective management of risk and offending behaviour. There have been numerous working practices introduced throughout the years within the Probation Service to identify effective working practices including the Effective Practice Principles and latterly, Skills for Effective Engagement, Development and Supervision known by the acronym SEEDS (Rex & Hosking, 2013). Whilst these have greatly influenced the work being undertaken by Probation practitioners, the management of risk of
What does Professionalism mean to me? Professionalism in my term means it is someone who is very dedicated to their profession. It is an important and great decision to follow by the rules and ethics of professionalism. If we did not have anyone that cared about their profession it would cause a lot of problems in our society today. It could cause a lot of disruption in your workplace. In order to abide by professionalism you must take pride in your job, percieve realistic goals and values, and know what your expectations are.
AS 3 goes on to state in paragraph A9 that “the documentation requirements in this standard should result in more effective and efficient oversight of registered public accounting firms and associated persons, thereby improving audit quality and enhancing investor confidence”.
Professionalism in the workplace, is the absolute key to having a successful, and smoothly run business. Professionalism is something that must be maintained by every individual within the work setting, especially in health care, whether it is the janitor, activity director, nursing assistant, doctor, or even the head administrator. Professionalism encompasses many aspects, such as teamwork, attitude, environment, knowledge, morals, and ethics.
For instance, both lawyers and accountants have agreed on profession-specific codes of professional conduct, and physicians still frequently take the Hippocratic oath. Regarding management consultants the professional associations have formulated different sets of ethical rules. The contents of the individual codes either specify what professional conduct is or they indicate what cannot be considered as professional conduct. However, it is also obvious that professional rules only serve as overall ethical guidelines. The consequence of this is that the professional when practising is exposed to several more specific ethical issues for which there is no explicit or written solution.
In 2000, United Nations announced the Millennium Declaration for global development and committed to achieve eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by 2015 (United Nations, 2000). Over the past 15 years, by reviewing and reflecting the failures and success of these ambitious goals (Childs, 2015), the debate about international giving continues. To support the stance about “the U.S. government and NGOs should stop aiding more to foreign countries,” this memo will briefly indicate this stand. In order to be well prepared for our debate, this note could provide a brief outline for this point of view.
The AICPA Code of Professional Conduct, regardless of its numerous strengths, the Code of Professional Conduct has some serious weaknesses. The accounting profession is constantly changing and making improvements. The first weakness in the Code of Professional Conduct deals with conflictions within the code due to the code being constantly updated (Dienhart, 1995). Dienhart, Lunday, and Tavani have all criticized professional codes because the directives cause conflictions with one another, whether it is direct or indirect. Rule 301 and SAS No. 99 are examples when the code is having conflicting standards. Rule 301, Client Confidential Information, states that professionals shall not
When thinking of the justice system ethical and professional practices are greatly enforced. There is a code of conduct that criminal justice practitioners are expected to adhere to.
Working in Human resources can make it very difficult to meet friends at work. Many Human resources professionals avoid being too friendly with employees outside of the department and there are employees who keep their distance from being too friendly with Human resources personnel.