In This Study, A Total Of 109 Participants Varying In Age

Since the beginning of time there has been a distinct division between the sexes. Through sheer definition there is a physical difference between the two but as time has passed there has been an indisputable recognition of the differences in personality and cognition. There are also undeniable differences in the life experiences had by the two sexes that

The researchers used purposive sample but did not give any explanation as to why this choice sampling was made. It is essential to describe the sampling process in a research where this facilitates the reader to distinguish any bias in the whole sampling process. In studies using participants, the process of how to select, access, inform and retain research participants requires considerable thought. Sampling is a key issue, because it is

The purpose of this study is to determine whether sexism has an effect on the lives of women in situations such as breastfeeding their child and whether or not people take offense to the sight of seeing a mother breastfeed her child. I will recruit 100 participants, 50 males, and 50 females, ranging from ages 18 to 50. I will perform my study using an experimental design where participants are shown a series of images in a video on a projector screen and they will place the images in one of two categories, with ten slots open for each category. The next part of my study will be to ask the participants in an essay question if they would continue, or be comfortable with their significant other continuing to breastfeed in public after receiving negative feedback from a stranger (See Appendix). I hypothesize that the majority of the participants will place an image of a mother breastfeeding in a public setting in a “bad deeds” category, but will place a picture of shirtless men playing football in the park in the “good deeds” category. I expect to come to the conclusion that people are more likely to take offense to the sight of a woman breastfeeding than to seeing a shirtless man.

If perceivers often observe a particular group of people engaging in a particular activity, they are likely to believe that the abilities and personality attribute required to carry out that activity is typical of said group. “Both within and across different cultures we find great consistency in standards of desirable gender-role behavior. Males are expected to be independent, assertive, and competitive; females are expected to be more passive, sensitive, and supportive. These beliefs have changed little over the past twenty years within the United States and apparently around the world as well” (Hetherington & Parke, 2016, Chapter 15). These general beliefs and stereotypes likely stem from observations of women and men in differing social roles. In the workforce, women are more likely than men to hold positions of lower status and authority. Conversely, men are less likely than women to be homemakers and are more likely to be employed in the paid workforce. Although these stereotypes hold true in some cases, in today’s society, they are being shattered almost daily. Women are now holding higher positions of authority in the workforce than ever before. In some cases, the woman is the sole breadwinner whilst some men are now taking the role of homemaker and stay at home

Provided to each subject was a consent form to review and sign before their participation in this study. The researcher excluded any identifiable information from the data collection measures. Subjects received a number as they signed in for the information session. The researcher used these numbers to link the subjects to their surveys and their clinical assessments. Their numbers coordinated with the attendance form which was in the sole possession of the researcher. Institution

In the fight for equality, it is obvious to defend against forms of sexism that are used for antagonization. However, chivalrous attitudes that cast women as weak and in need of men are often ignored. Social psychologists have studied the effects of benevolent sexism using experiments testing one’s performance shortly after being labeled as incompetent. Benevolent sexism is not a series of compliments, but rather a threat to one’s ability to think, learn, and perceive information. The workplace is an environment of which benevolent sexism occurs most often and one of which most are familiar with. Benevolent sexism in business does not allow men and women to achieve the same goals within the work place. Forcing an individual into a social role can limit them to only specific simple tasks that do not allow for maximum personal growth.

The second study centers around women and how their gender stereotypes and negative thoughts can create distress, low self-esteem and ultimately submissiveness. The researchers use the example of women entering a highly dominated male work environment. If she does her best not to think about the gender stereotypes, she will internalize her feelings and it will make her loose her confidence (Borton, Reiner, Vazquez, Ruddiman, Anglin, 2011). The researchers randomly assigned women to face a gender stereotype and try to suppress their feelings while working with a male counterpart (Borton et al., 2011). Then they videotaped the women to view their reactions. The hypothesis is based on the assumption that when women are forced to internalize gender stereotype such as inferiority, they will eventually show physical and verbal distress (Borton et al., 2011). Their method involves 56 collage women ranging from ages 18-22. The student’s incentives for participating in the study involved extra credit and a chance to win a hundred dollars (Borton et al., 2011).

Future Research Implications: To make this study stronger, researchers should include more detail pertaining to the recruitment for the participants in the study.

gender role and how/why some behaviors are stereotyped towards a certain gender. A concept of

Women with strong masculine traits often receive similar criticism; women are expected to behave differently than men. One study found that in professional business environments women were more likely to disclose chronic illness and find social support, while men were expected to maintain composure and not stray from the task at hand (Munir, Price, Haslam, Leka, & Griffiths, 2006). To further highlight this difference between genders on the disclosure of personal information, women who score high in feminine traits are more likely to become emotionally invested and disclose personal information about themselves in conversations with acquaintances (Shaffer, Pegalis, & Cornell, 2001).

Many people have tried to study the psychological differences between genders and found that there are very few. One such study, conducted by Janet Shibley Hyde, used meta-analysis to compare men’s and women’s reactions to certain social situations. Using the equation difference is equal to the mean score for males minus the mean score for women divided by the within-gender standard deviation, Shibley Hyde found that most differences were close to zero, difference was equal to or less than .1, and very few were large dissimilarities, where difference was above .66 (Shibley Hyde). She also found that differences varied according to social context.

In her paper on the biological differences in cognition between men and women, Doreen Kimura suggests that the social differences between genders arose out of biological necessity (Kimura 46). Even so, it is difficult to argue that social factors do play a large part in gender in society today. A closer look at both biological and social perspectives will reveal more about the processes that determine gender roles.

Personality is a ‘dynamic organisation, inside the person, of psychophysical systems that crate the person’s characteristic patterns of behaviour, thoughts and feelings’ (Allport, 1961, p.11). Various terms were used to define personality across the description of individual differences from various perspectives (Maltby, Day & Macaskill, 2007, pp. 9). Personality psychology is spread wide out therefore there are significant researches done throughout to understand personality, one of the research in describing and explaining gender differences in personality. Although, this topic may seem evolved, it was not until the 1970’s when significant studies were piloted to learn gender differences in personality. To understand the emphasis and analysis of gender differences in personality, this essay will aim to approach theories and research evidence to confer the gender differences in personality. It will cover the aetiology of where these differences originated, followed by biological perspective to determine the gender of one self (male or female). Also, dig further into how personality theory of traits can explain the differences with evidence. However, firstly a brief account of male and female differences will be explained below.

Given that the structure of gender qualities has been a large part of our views, in regards to a variety of issues, a number of people take exception to variances from within these rules. Keeping this in mind, we will discuss the reasons why many individuals are discouraged from crossing traditional gender traits, and closely examine parts of the article assigned for this paper.

The survey was distributed by email, text, paper format, and mobile applications, and data was collected by researches in the same way.