In What Is The Total Cost Of Owning A Car?

While extensive television viewing and the use of other electronic media has contributed to the sedentary lifestyles, other environmental factors have reduced the opportunities for physical activity. Opportunities to be physically active and safe environments to be active in have decreased in the recent years. The majority of children in the past walked or rode their bike to school. A study conducted in 2002 by Anderson PM, Butcher KE Childhood obesity: trends and potential causes. Future Child. 2006 Spring; 16(1):19-45 found that “53% of parents drove their children to school. Of these parents, 66% said they drove their children to school since their homes were too far away from the school. Other reasons parents gave for driving their children

The industrial revolution and modernization enhanced the comfort of human life yet reducing the movement, which is probably the most significant technology factors of obesity in the developed world. Ali (2012) claims that the first Industrial Revolution opened the gate to early technological innovations. Correspondingly, the effects of the second Industrial Revolution continue today. (ibid) In general, this kind of technological factors are mainly divided into two aspects, yet both lead to a decrease in physical activities and therefore contribute to obesity. Primarily, an enormous number of vehicles is invented and produced due to the industrial revolution that happened around the developed world in the last century, which makes a great change in the way of travel.

One particular town in china called, chengdu. Has created a town where it is not essential to drive. Every service can be reached by walking in approximately fifteen minutes and the road land use will be cut in half to reduce the amount of cars. By reaching bigger cities chengdu provides efficient public transit. This is an example of new urbanism, which can definity reduce the amount of air pollution, traffic and created by cars. (Peters, 2015). In tokyo japan they have an unique source of transport called a shinkansen, which is a bullet train. This model can convince some citizens to ditch their cars and use the bullet train to get to their destination much quicker. To prove that this model is efficient tokyo isn't on the most polluted cities in the world list or the most congested cities list either. This would really reduce canada's traffic and our air pollution levels. Having one train going to a destinations instead of having a few thousand cars backing up on the 401. In china and mexico the government only lets portions of the population drive on certain days. This idea allows for there to be less traffic and air

In the past years, the prevalence of obesity in adults around the world, particularly in the U.S.A., has risen significantly. Only 30% of Americans are within a normal weight range, putting them in a clear minority (1). Four in ten adults and one in five children have a BMI which classifies them as being obese, and the levels are rising annually (F. 1). Naturally, this has a multitude of effects on society, such as negative externalities. These can be presented in four categories: direct medical costs, human capital costs, productivity costs and transportation costs. This essay will focus on the transportation costs from an economic point of view.

Finally, Lucas discusses the prospects for alternative fuel vehicles for the purposes of reducing negative externalities. In this section, he explains that there are various alternative vehicles that can be used in reducing the external cost of gasoline and diesel including natural gas vehicles as well as vehicles that rely on biofuels (Davis, 2017). Nevertheless, in the study conducted, Lucas focuses on electric vehicles (EV) as it is perceived as one of the primary alternatives to fuel vehicles (Davis, 2017). In the article, Lucas offers a pessimistic outlook on EVs claiming that despite subsidizing the purchases of EVs, it would not solve the problems of traffic congestions and accidents. As it is mentioned: “Probably most importantly, alternative fuel vehicles do little to reduce traffic congestion and accidents, two of the largest components of externalities. Subsidies for alternative fuel vehicles might even

The world we know today is the result of millennia of scientific revolution. Mankind has constantly pursued the understanding of the world around themselves, which has led to discoveries, and improvement of the living conditions. One of the single most important discoveries is fossil fuels, which literally fueled the industrial revolution. One of the many convenient products to emerge out of such a revolution was self-propelled personal transport. This invention, better known today as a car, was a important scientific breakthrough, that has evolved over the past century and a half, as well as being adopted by an billions of individuals around the Earth. Cars are now almost the norm of personal transport around the world, as billion of individuals use cars to commute to and from work, among many other less routine destinations. However, this heavy reliance on cars has unfortunately led to environmental issues, as the combustion of fossil fuels is a considerable source of dangerous chemicals that can harm humans, especially the young, the old and the pregnant, as the environment through the green house effect, and the destruction of the Ozone layer. As such, men have tried to work around this issue by imposing strict environmental requirements to the cars, which has led to improved exhausts and reduced engine capacity, making cars slightly more efficient. However, this is not enough, as the regulations constantly evolve as new goals are set in order to meet these new

When in 1885 Karl Benz designed, and developed the first 4 stroke engine that would later become the very heart of the first automobile that we are familiar with today. At the time however, the early inventors and pioneers of the automobile industry thought just of their work as a “horseless carriage” and nothing more, none of them anticipated the age of the automobile that was about to be ushered in, for they just saw the new technology strictly in the context of what it was meant to replace. The automobile however, developed into so much more, becoming one of the defining industries of the entire 20th century and affecting people’s lives in a multitude ways, but most especially the social aspect. This essay would like to highlight the importance that the automobile had on the cultural shift towards the phenomenon of suburbanization and the environmental impacts that ensued due to the change in urban planning to accommodate for our car dependent culture. Ironically enough, when the environmental impacts associated with automobiles are discussed, the one that is not inherently apparent to us, specifically carbon emissions from vehicles is what takes much of the limelight when compared to an issue that is rapidly unfolding right before we. The exponential increase in urban sprawl not only involves the loss of massive amounts of natural habitat but also dramatically increases the risk of flooding in these same suburbs. Disregarding the unsustainability of the continued growth

The fact that global warming is trending on media nowadays is obvious. Pollution has been pointed at as the cause of this issue, and solution needs to be thought about. Nevertheless, where does the pollution mostly come from? Obviously, it comes from many different places, but cars are the highest producers of pollution inside the cities. Pollution is related to traffic; every city has to deal with this type of issue. It is clear to understand that reducing the numbers of cars on the streets will reduce the traffic as well, and consequently part of this problem will be solved. However, bringing out an old pleasure of riding bikes will decrease the number of cars on the streets, pollution in the air, and it will increase the health habits in the cities daily routine. Nowadays, it is easy to have a car. The routine of going to work or running errands has always been done by a car. At this point, the idea of riding bikes to work or just for fun on weekends is certainly an excellent way to attempt to solve the issue of too many motor vehicles on the streets. Also, bicycles are cheap compared to a car, and it is easy to keep safely wherever you go. For example, many places such as restaurants and bars are giving to customers safely places to lock their bicycles; without extra costs. Consequently, this attitude has increased attendance to those places, but also has helped increase this new trend. In addition, many companies established in the city center, are willing to give

The planet changes over time, but people cause negative impact to their environment. To protect Earth, consumers need to be conscious of their role as technology continues to advance. More specifically, the automobile industry creates pollution, “in 2013, transportation contributed more than half of the carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides, and almost a quarter of the hydrocarbons emitted into our air” (ucs). Conventional vehicles, utilizing internal combustion engines, cause these harmful emissions, but electric-vehicles protect the environment while providing consumers with an efficient use of energy. Energy serves as a crucial factor in technology and allows society to operate, but certain usages harm the world. As arguments develop about pollution and its effects, society needs to take the step towards clean energy. The transportation industry releases pollution through fumes caused by combustion within engines. In terms of automobiles, the conventional gasoline vehicles and electric-vehicles compete to gain attention from consumers. The electric-vehicle uses energy more efficiently than the gasoline vehicle, which loses energy through combustion. Additionally, the EV offers performance benefits for individuals. While offering a smooth and quiet drive, these vehicles require less maintenance. Finally, the EV allows money to stay within the nation, since local utility companies produce electricity. For these reasons, a national tax exemption should be offered to encourage

When living in a large metropolitan city, there are an extreme amount of cars on the streets. This contributes to smog, emissions, and a huge carbon footprint on mother earth. People are thankful for others who take this into consideration and ride bicycles instead of driving, but this doesn’t make the bicyclist a better person, even though some of them act like it.

Sometimes it’s best to stick to the old fashioned way of doing things, but there comes a point when one realizes that there aren’t a lot of hours in the day. Especially when living in the city. Everyone wants to drive gracefully glide through the freeway without having to deal with rush hour traffic. Time is of the essence for those who have a lot going on in their lives. So why not create something that can get people places the fastest way possible? Whoever invented automobiles, is a genius. Granted, if we could get our cars to run on something other than gasoline fuel, it’ll probably be the best thing that ever happened to the world. Oh wait, we’re getting there. Although technology is viewed as the culprit of today’s environmental issues, and as the adversary who is replacing people at jobs, it’s proven to also fix most of the negative impacts it has caused against the job market, and most importantly, Mother Nature. Not only has technology aided in the ability to reverse the harm it has caused the planet, but it has created jobs and has helped people become financially successful.

This paper describes how world population growth is the most challenging factor in affecting urban road emissions. As world population grows, urban population has increased leading to greater demands for private motor vehicles due to issues like urban sprawl and the aspirations for owning a motor vehicle. Although there have been mitigation methods like increasing road infrastructure to ease congestion, the rate of urban population growth and demand for private motor vehicles far exceeds the measures, leading to what is known as

Singapore, a small city state experiencing rapid industrial growth, found itself faced with the new problem of urban traffic congestion since the seventies. (Zolla, K.) A dense population with a strong preference for automobiles, this rise in the number of cars on the road threatens the environment with the burgeoning amount of harmful gas emissions as well as the well-being of the community.

al. 1999). Additionally, a report extracted from the 2003 New South Wales adult health survey, using data from 6810 participants, found that 60.8% of men who drive to work were likely to be overweight and obese compared to only 39.8% of men who cycled to work (Wen & Rissel 2008). Although this study concluded that these relationships were not also found in women, the greater part of the literature available seems to suggest that there is a strong correlation between being physically active by riding a bicycle and maintaining a healthy weight in both men and women.

Private vehicles are at the forefront of the growing epidemic regarding carbon pollution and climate change. (Click) In Australia, cars accounted for 48% of transport emissions in 2013 (Trends in transport greenhouse gas emissions, 2013). However to combat this issue, many cities around the world have actively discouraged the use of private motor vehicles when travelling in and around the city. They aim to reduce the prevalence of cars through the promotion of bicycles, walking and public transport. In Europe, two cities have successfully implemented strategies and campaigns to increase the amount of bicycle travel in and around the cities centre, these are Copenhagen and Houten. The aim of this presentation is to investigate cities where car travel has been discouraged and hence decreased and if and how these strategies can be adopted in Brisbane.