Inca Emperor Huayna Capac's Second Heir

Each Maya City governed the area surrounding it; some large cities each controlled one or more of the smaller cities. If the leader died his younger brother or son would succeed the ruler. This led generations of a single family to rule for hundreds of years. In the Andes, the Incas, kept their power by providing entertainments and giving luxurious gifts to the people. The people paid taxes in return for these gifts. The Inca emperor married his sister and his generals were normally related to him. This ensured a certain loyalty from them to the emperor. The Aztecs held power through land ownership.

The Aztec and Incan empires both had strong armies. In the Aztec empire by the early fifteenth century the Aztecs were powerful enough to overcome their immediate neighbors and demand tribute. During the middle decades of the fifteenth century, the military elite that ruled much of Tenochtitlan, the Aztecs launched ambitious campaigns of imperial expansion. Know as “the Obsidian Serpent” Itzcoatl and Motecuzoma advanced first to Oaxaca in southwestern Mexico. After capturing Oaxaca and slaying

The Aztecs and the Powhatans have had both faced against many problems, but when faced with danger from outside forces their ideas are put into question. It’s how the Aztecs dealt with cortes and how the Powhatans dealt with the English are considered to be a clash of tactics, culture and ingenuity when dealing with the outside forces invading their homeland. In both civilizations their tales are not a happy one, but instead a tale on how they faced adversity and unending danger.

Sure enough, a high priest of did recognize deathly omens for Ninan Cuyochi, and only weeks later, he died of smallpox, just as his father did. With Ninan’s death, an impending problem arose - who would become emperor? Huyana Capac had not specified who would take Ninan’s place in the event he died. So, his three remaining sons were all candidates for the throne. Huyana’s second oldest son, Huascar, claimed the throne before his two other brothers, and therefore was crowned emperor. The two remaining brothers, Atahualpa and Manco Inca, were content to remain governors and did not challenge Huascar. However, Huascar, fearing they would conspire against him, demanded Atahualpa come to Cuzco and speak with him. As Nigel Davies put it, “Atahualpa was commanded to present himself in Cuzco and warned that if he failed to obey…an army would be sent to fetch him” (182).

The huaca was the sacred shrine or god and they were all about the Inca Empire. The children were chosen by the emperor about one year prior to the Capacocha

possessions, which went to the male decedent. The military nature of the Aztecs and Incas

He was very powerful and wise. During the Emperor’s middle age, the Empress, the Emperor’s wife, had a child. The child was a girl, and her name was Ixtlaccihuatl. Many years later, Ixtlaccihuatl fell in love with a warrior named Popocatepetl. Although, her father forbid her to marry. The Emperor wanted his daughter to rule alone when he died. The Emperor began to grow old and become ill as the enemies began to get closer and closer to Tenochtitlan. Instead of the Emperor assigning a warrior to lead the rest of the warriors in battle, he offered a bribe to them all. He said if you defeat the enemies, you will have my daughter’s hand in marriage and you will rule Tenochtitlan. The warriors were pleased at what they heard. At the end, the warriors said Popocatepetl was the best in battle, but they were jealous of him. Because of their jealousy, they told the Emperor that Popocatepetl had died in battle. As soon as the Emperor saw his daughter, he told her that Popocatepetl had died. Ixtlaccihuatl quickly became very ill, and died of a broken heart. Popocatepetl returned to Tenochtitlan, and was told Ixtlaccihuatl had died. He took her to the top of a pyramid, and buried her there. Beside that pyramid was another, and there he stood with a torch in his hand. Years went by and snow came. Now there are two volcanoes side by side, Popocatepetl and

Based on the wounds on the dead that were buried against Incan traditions, experts summarized that only three out of seventy were killed by the Spanish conquistadors. The rest were showed evidence of blunt force trauma consistent with the stone weapons of Incan warriors. This gave the experts the hypothesis that the Spanish received help from the Incan people during their conquest of the expansive Incan empire. This led experts to the document of a trial between Pizzaro’s heirs and the Spanish crown where the heirs wanted more money from the crown due to “Pizzaro’s great sacrifices during the conquest”. The crown disproved this by bringing Incans that stated they fought against the Incan empire, and Pizzaro did not accomplish all that he claimed. This historical document is another piece to the puzzle that states the Spanish alone did not conquer the Incans. Finally it was uncovered that Pizzaro had an Incan concubine that was used to make an alliance with a powerful Incan chief. During the siege of Lima, she sent a messenger to her mother, also an Incan chief, that stated she was surrounded by enemies, asking her mother to send her reinforcements. Her mother sent her a force of Incans, the same force of Incans allied with the Spanish who took Lima from the empirical Incans. This was one of the final stepping stones to put the traditional historical narrative to rest, and uncover the truth behind the devastation of the once great Incan

There were several ancient civilizations that built their cultures around their geography. The Incas were among one of those ancient civilizations. They had amazing ingenuity to make use of their environment. The Incas built agriculture terraces and they had a complex irrigation system. And some crops that we use today. The physical environment of the Incas affected and shaped their civilization.

Imagine living in the Aztec or Spanish Civilization in the 1300’s-1400’s. These two groups would fight in many dangerous wars. The Spanish had enemies within in Europe, while the Aztecs had rivals with the other Indigenous groups in Central and South America. With their wars, the Aztecs and Spanish had many similarities and differences. These variations and resemblances include their weapons used, the groups they fought and their strategies used in battle.

The Aztecs were influenced by the Toltecs, their self-proclaimed ancestors, who were “a warlike people, no doubt conquering surrounding tribes and imposing tribute without any concern for integration into the Toltec political and religious culture”5. To justify their conquests, Itzcoatl, the third Aztec ruler, devised a new vision of the Aztec as the “chosen people” who were the “true heirs” to the Toltec. The Aztec rewrote history to link the Aztec to the Toltec and to show that the Aztec were the heirs, the direct descendents, of the Toltec nobility”7. The Aztecs were a war faring people who engaged in such to acquire territory, resources, quash rebellions, and to collect sacrificial victims to honour their gods. Warfare was a fundamental to the Aztec culture10; warriors were trained from youth, in special military compounds where children learnt to master weapons and tactics and were regaled

The Inca Empire began in 1438 and was conquered in 1532. After the death of Huayna Capac, civil war erupted between his two sons over the succession of the throne. Eventually Atahualpa imprisoned his brother and consolidated his rule in Cuzco. Francisco Pizarro came face to face with each other. Atahualpa didn’t want a battle, however, they each had different worldviews. “In a surprise attack, the Spanish, with far superior weapons and the benefit of surprise, slaughtered the Inca entourage, captured Atahualpa, and held the Inca ruler hostage” (Seaman, R., 2014). After this, the Incas tried to resist, they Spanish were to strong and the Inca empire died out after the last Inca ruler, Tupac Amaru was captured and executed.

Ahuitzotl had many family members who were rules of the Tenochtitlan empire. For example, he is the grandson

The title "Inca Empire" was given by the Spanish to a Quechuan-speaking Native American population that established a vast empire in the Andes Mountains of South America shortly before its conquest by Europeans. The ancestral roots of this empire began in the Cuzco valley of highland Peru around 1100 AD. The empire was relatively small until the imperialistic rule of emperor Pachacuti around 1438. Pachacuti began a systematic conquest of the surrounding cultures, eventually engulfing over a hundred different Indian nations within a 30-year period. This conquest gave rise to an empire that, at its zenith in the early 16th century; consisted of an estimated 10 million subjects living

He left his empire to his two sons, Caracalla and Geta. Caracalla