Inca Empire Research Paper

With them, they brought the lethal disease smallpox over from Europe. Smallpox had been spreading south towards the Inca, and in 1524, it reached the Inca capital of Cuzco. The aging Inca emperor Huayna Capac caught a very serious case of it and died in 1525 (Somervill 8). On his death bed, Huayna Capac appointed his heir. He chose his first son, Ninan Cuyochi to rule as emperor. However, he included one condition: if a high priest saw deathly omens for Ninan, a replacement should be picked.

The Incas and the Aztecs Before the Spanish and Portuguese "discovered" the New World, there

During the 15th century, there were two leading empires of Mesoamerica. The Inca Empire, which was located in what is now Peru and the Aztecs, whose area was located in what is now Mexico. Both the Aztec and Inca empires were advanced civilizations with a good economy, agricultural developments, and religious practices that spread across the region of Mesoamerica.

Based on the wounds on the dead that were buried against Incan traditions, experts summarized that only three out of seventy were killed by the Spanish conquistadors. The rest were showed evidence of blunt force trauma consistent with the stone weapons of Incan warriors. This gave the experts the hypothesis that the Spanish received help from the Incan people during their conquest of the expansive Incan empire. This led experts to the document of a trial between Pizzaro’s heirs and the Spanish crown where the heirs wanted more money from the crown due to “Pizzaro’s great sacrifices during the conquest”. The crown disproved this by bringing Incans that stated they fought against the Incan empire, and Pizzaro did not accomplish all that he claimed. This historical document is another piece to the puzzle that states the Spanish alone did not conquer the Incans. Finally it was uncovered that Pizzaro had an Incan concubine that was used to make an alliance with a powerful Incan chief. During the siege of Lima, she sent a messenger to her mother, also an Incan chief, that stated she was surrounded by enemies, asking her mother to send her reinforcements. Her mother sent her a force of Incans, the same force of Incans allied with the Spanish who took Lima from the empirical Incans. This was one of the final stepping stones to put the traditional historical narrative to rest, and uncover the truth behind the devastation of the once great Incan

There were several ancient civilizations that built their cultures around their geography. The Incas were among one of those ancient civilizations. They had amazing ingenuity to make use of their environment. The Incas built agriculture terraces and they had a complex irrigation system. And some crops that we use today. The physical environment of the Incas affected and shaped their civilization.

Inside any atrocious act committed by a group of people onto another for the sake of greed there’s a message they must spread to justify their actions, for the Spanish onto the Aztec it was ridding the world of heretics worshiping Gods of blood. The Aztec and Inca Empires fell with relative ease to the Spaniards due to a variety of contributing factors. Hesitate action from leadership may have played a role at least for the Aztecs as according to Hernan Cortez; Moctezuma believed that he possibly was a God. Superior weaponry such as steel based weapons/armor played a significant role, as both the Inca and Aztec empires still relied on weapons made from stone and wood. European diseases like small pox also played a heavy hand in the decimation of the native population, as the natives had no immunities to such ailments. The Spanish who arrived with very few men to fight also utilized subject people to fight on their side due primarily to the irritation of the Native Empires long dominance of them. This was mainly utilized in the Aztec Empire’s conquest as they had long sacrificed large portions of their subjects to their Gods in order to appease them. Along with sacrifices, the Aztec required large payments of goods & labor from their subjects further creating tensions.

The Inca Empire began in 1438 and was conquered in 1532. After the death of Huayna Capac, civil war erupted between his two sons over the succession of the throne. Eventually Atahualpa imprisoned his brother and consolidated his rule in Cuzco. Francisco Pizarro came face to face with each other. Atahualpa didn’t want a battle, however, they each had different worldviews. “In a surprise attack, the Spanish, with far superior weapons and the benefit of surprise, slaughtered the Inca entourage, captured Atahualpa, and held the Inca ruler hostage” (Seaman, R., 2014). After this, the Incas tried to resist, they Spanish were to strong and the Inca empire died out after the last Inca ruler, Tupac Amaru was captured and executed.

The grand Roman Empire collapsed In AD 476, Odoacer, leader of the barbarian mercenaries in the Roman army, overthrew Emperor Romulus Augustulus. This was inevitable. For decades, barbarians had been abandoning the Roman army and turning on their empire. Instead of focusing on enemy countries, they had to spend countless resources suppressing their own citizens. This, coupled with the plague that wreaked havoc on Europe ended the Western part of the republic in 476 although the eastern part went on until 1453 when when Mehmed II captured Constantinople, that the Byzantine Empire, as it became known, ceased to exist. In 1532, the Inca Empire fell to a Spanish force of only 168 men and 62 horses. Francisco Pizarro and his conquistadors crushed one of the world’s mightiest empires without a single Spanish casualty. Pizarro had cannons, gunpowder and armor, but the Incas vastly outnumbered his small army. Pizarro’s good fortune was to arrive in the Andes at the exact moment when the Incas were wracked by a great sickness and divided leadership. With the power of guns, germs and steel, Pizarro conquered the Inca, enslaved the majority of them, shipped their precious metals back to Europe and brought about the end to one of the world's largest

Cieza seemed to be in awe of them because of how they conquered other peoples, but treated them with curtesy and respect once the fighting was over with because Spain never did this. His neutral wording of relocation and the political tools they used for this make them seem like benevolent rulers. This allowed the Incas to control the land and people overall, but not have unrest among the conquered, fighting to restore original rulers, as Cieza stated in his Chronicles of the Incas. When the Incas took over, mostly using peaceful tactics, if possible, and their soldiers were ordered not to harm the natives, damage their property or be violent towards the natives. The Incan

The effects of the Spanish rule were felt over many years; for example, some believe that the fall of the aztec emperor Ahuizotl is due to disease. The most conservative estimates suggest that there were 250,000 people subjugated under Spanish rule; after a few decades only hundreds remained, many lost to disease. Bergreen explains: “Many died from infectious diseases caused by exposure to germs borne by the Europeans or their livestock, against which the inhabitants of the New World were defenseless.” The natives had absolutely no immunity to any diseases from the Old World. Columbus’ discovery of this New World indirectly led to the loss of the majority of native lives. The people lost one of their emperors, the highest ranking member of their society. The cargo which had caused this plague was livestock, along with rats and other foul creatures. They spread a virtual cocktail of infections and diseases, such as smallpox, influenza and various fevers, to which the native immune system had no response. With little possibility of fighting the infections, the natives were defenseless to the Spanish takeover. A hero is not one who’s companions ravage an entire

However, the story of the Aztec defeat and the successful resolution of the Spanish mission against incredible odds raises many questions. Regardless of more advanced technology and weapons, the Spanish force was vastly outnumbered and began a military campaign poorly supplied within an unknown territory against an unknown enemy. This paper explores the possibility that other key factors were at play, which provided the Spanish with a several of advantages and facilitated the successful resolution of their campaign. Furthermore, these factors allowed for an incredibly quick and effective subjugation of millions of people – considering that by comparison it took hundreds of years to expel the Muslim armies from southern Spain, a war ending in 1492 and in which many conquistadores fighting in the new world took part of. This paper will argue that internal religious quarrels, unsustainable tax obligations, and continuing military conflicts weakened the Aztec social fabric by increasing resentment among subjugated towns and cities and diminishing trust among Aztec citizens in their highly centralized government.

Francisco Pizarro went to Peru and sailed for them he crossed the Atlantic Ocean and headed towards South America. In South America there was a tribe called the Inca’s. Pizarro had seen them and thought they were savages and killed them. They killed every single Inca with no misery. Pizarro had not given up and had he executed the rest of the Inca. Pizarro had enslaved the rest so he could auction them off to other countries. Another thing is that PIzarro had never thought about trying to just talk to them he just went and killed the Inca.

The title "Inca Empire" was given by the Spanish to a Quechuan-speaking Native American population that established a vast empire in the Andes Mountains of South America shortly before its conquest by Europeans. The ancestral roots of this empire began in the Cuzco valley of highland Peru around 1100 AD. The empire was relatively small until the imperialistic rule of emperor Pachacuti around 1438. Pachacuti began a systematic conquest of the surrounding cultures, eventually engulfing over a hundred different Indian nations within a 30-year period. This conquest gave rise to an empire that, at its zenith in the early 16th century; consisted of an estimated 10 million subjects living

The conquistadors, knowing they would attack anyway, tried to convert the Inca to Christianity and Catholicism in exchange for peace, and Pizarro sent a priest before Atahualpa. The Inca, not being literate and without consciousness, insulted the Spanish by throwing the Bible to the ground. Pizarro used this as a means of attack. Pizarro captures Atahualpa and offers his freedom in exchange for a room of gold. After given his room of gold, Pizarro executed the Emperor of the Inca anyway. Throughout the duration of their conquest, any remaining Inca abandoned their land and the Spanish never found the city of Machu Picchu. For about 400 years, the “Lost City of the Inca” remained just that, lost.

The Incas conquered a vast territory using reciprocity or alliances. Once the Incas arrived in a new region they tried to establish a relationship with the tribe’s head. He offered gifts such as wool clothing, coca leaves and mullu (shell believed to be food for the Gods). If the gifts were accepted they also accepted the Inca’s authority. To consolidate this alliance they established family ties. If they did not accept the gifts they used force to subdue the tribe and since the Incas had a more powerful military force they always succeeded. The local leaders were executed to secure loyalty among the