Increase In Hemoglobin

In this report, I will be writing about the data that was collected from the beep test, which tests the aerobic endurance of the participants who are performing the test. With the results collected I will be discussing the different factors that may have impacted on the participant’s results. Robinson (2010) states that there are different systems in the body such as the skeletal, muscular, circulatory, and respiratory. Despite the fact all these systems are separate, they are all linked together to help the functioning of the body when at rest and during exercise. When the body begins to participate in exercise, during physical activity changes start to occur in the cardiovascular system starts so that it can adapt to the physical

The Balke treadmill test was used to estimate your maximum VO2 measurement, and to determine your aerobic fitness percentile. Based on your time and the chart corresponding to your age on page ninety-three of the ACSM guidelines book, your VO2 maximum would be about nineteen and a half milliliters per kilogram of body weight per minute of oxygen [1]. This is the

The hypothesis for this lab was tenable. The hypothesis held true that the subjects could calculate their VO2 max and score within a good range established by norms. The participants recorded variables such as heart rate, RER, VPE, VE, FEO2%, and absolute VO2 (l/m)

When measuring VO2max there are two versions that can be used, absolute and relative. Absolute VO2max is measured in L.min-1 and is the measurement used when looking at fitness levels in association to an individual’s body size. Relative VO2max – ml.kg-1.min-1 – describes VO2max when body mass (weight not size) is accounted for by taking the absolute value and dividing it by the individuals’ weight. This method is used when comparing the fitness levels of individuals as, typically, the bigger the individual the larger the heart, lungs and muscle mass are, which contributes to them having a higher VO2max.

The correlation coefficient between an estimated VO2max and an actual VO2max is 0.93 and the day-to-day variability is less than five percent. The standard error of a test estimating VO2max can range from a low of 2.5 percent to a high of 5-6 percent of the mean score for an average person. It can also be extended up to 8 percent in aerobically trained men. In that respect, an individual could be expected to vary by about 2 to 4 ml•kg-1•min-1 then, even when they are tested weeks apart. VO2max is exceedingly consistent, even over four months, having an average coefficient of variation of 4.3 percent. This information and research led me to my hypothesis that submaximal prediction equations accurately predict actual

Kyle performed a VO2 max test in which each stage lasted 2.5 minutes. He achieved his highest VO2 during the 4th stage at time 8:10min. His highest VO2 (L/min) recorded was 2.627. Peak heart rate (162bpm) was during the time in which he achieved his highest VO2 along with his highest VCO2 (3.457L/min) at 8:10min. The data collected showing 2.627L/min is Kyle's VO2 peak. VO2 max is described as a maintenance or slight decline of VO2 with an increase in exercise intensity. Since Kyle did not have an opportunity to increase intensity, in the form of Watts, we could not determine if his peak VO2 was a true VO2 max. His termination of the test was mostly likely due to peripheral fatigue by a cause of blood lactate buildup,

Alternating work and recovery periods during intense exercise also allow depleted ATP and PC stores to be replenished, along with oxygen myoglobin stores. Long interval protocols allow alactic energy systems to reuse energy via the glycolytic energy system, reducing the need to utilise energy. However, as this energy system is involved blood lactate and lactic acid are increased resulting in higher levels of muscle fatigue (Seiler, Joranson, Olesen & Heltelid, 2013). In addition, for optimal training stimulus high intensities for prolonged periods of time, and or long intervals cannot be sustained without implementing recovery periods (Rønnestad, Hansen, Vegge, Tønnessen & Slettaløkken, 2015). Short interval protocols allow the athlete to achieve

My client shows mixed testing for Vo2 max. He was in the 10th percentile for the one-mile walk test, 25th percentile for the submit treadmill test, and the 60th percentile for the Six-Minute Walk Test. All three tests, though there is a variance in the predicted Vo2 max, suggest my client could use some improvement in his Vo2 Max. Accouding to the ACSM assessment manual submaximal testing is less accurate in predicting cardiovascular endurance than Maximal Exercise testing (ACSM, 2010).

VO2max is the highest rate someone can transport oxygen to their muscles during exercise. In general, as aerobic fitness increases so does VO2max. A.V. Hill introduced the idea of VO2max but studies and protocols and on how the test should be run and physiological indicators wasn’t established until 1950 and 1960’s by Henry Taylor, Per-Olof Åstrand and Bengt Saltin (Seiler, 2011). VO2max can be used for endurance athletes to understand their physiological capacity and use that information in training because it is a metabolic assessment that can help determine someone’s unique response to exercise. VO2max is expressed as absolute rate in liters of oxygen per minute (L/min) or relative rate of oxygen per kilogram of body weight per minute (ml/kg/min)

This also links to the average oxygen uptake being at 70% maximum during a match (Reilly & Thomas, 1979; Ekblom, 1986; Ali & Farally, 1991; Bangsbo, 1994; Krustrup et al., 2005). Mohr et al, 2003 shows that football players have good endurance with VO2max reported to range between 55 and 70 ml/kg/min in elite performers. Anaerobic energy can also be in high demand during a match as there are near to 100 intense actions during a match; this means there is a significant rate of creatine phosphate and lactate

The more oxygen consumed, the more carbon dioxide is produced and exhaled into the Douglas bag for collection. Several studies have confirmed that VO2 levels increases during moderate intensity exercise (James and Doust, 1999). For example, one study examined individuals after a running exercise and found an increase in VO2 levels (James and Doust, 1999). Some studies also confirmed that an increase in VO2 levels can also be seen in high intensity activities as well (James and Doust, 1999). Studies in the past did not necessarily follow the exact procedure as this lab or made use of the same gadgets, for there are different kinds of computerized systems designed for the same purpose of measuring gas exchange during exercise. However, one study compared VO2 results using 2 methods; a more modernized gas exchange system and the Douglas Bag Method, results for the measurements of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production were quite close (Bassett et al, 2001). Though the Douglas Bag Method can be somewhat inaccurate for the reason that not all expired air is later evacuated from the bag, there will always be some air containing O2 and CO2 left in the bag which might have an effect on the VO2 results of the next trial. (Hopker et al, 2012). The objective of this lab is to determine the values involved in the gas exchange during exercise using a computerized system similar to that

HOSPITAL COURSE: This 36-year-old gravid of four para 2012, now para 3013. Presented in labor and to delivery at 38 and 3 weeks at just gestational age with spontaneous ruptured membranes. During her labor course she was known to have fetal mouth presentation in the form of breech, and the decision was made to perform a primary cesarean section, secondary to this breech position. The risks, benefits, and alternate procedures were discussed and the patient expressed understanding. All questions were answered; patient's preoperative hemoglobin were 12.7. A primary low transverse cesarean was performed, please see separate operative report for

While getting a great workout, the (walked) mile was a fantastic exercise for my calves, for walking fast and long strains your legs and making them pain. While some people are not as fit, they get lower scores on these mini-workouts, proving that they need to get more active and try harder. Also, I don’t think that the VO2 Max doesn’t give a correct score due to my friend’s calculations. This girl has a 6-minute mile/plays softball, and did very well on the walking mile. She got in the “superior” zone with a much higher number than mine. To elaborate, this athletic friend of mine got a very good score on her personal VO2 Max. The VO2 Max is a great tool to help you get better with workouts.

Studies of global burden diseases (GBD 2010) present anaemias as growing problem in public health (De Franceschi, Iolascon, Taher, & Cappellini, 2017). Haemoglobin (Hb) <12 g/dL in women; such as in case presented, offer a general definition, distinguishable by three broad pathophysiologies: decreased production (reticulocytopenia), erythrocyte loss (haemorrhage), and increased erythrocytes destruction (haemolytic anaemias) (De Franceschi, Iolascon, Taher, & Cappellini, 2017). For both genders; GBD identifies iron deficiency anaemias, thalassemia, sickle cell disease, autoimmune, and infection related anaemias; such as malaria, schistosomiasis or hookworm, as leading causes (De Franceschi, Iolascon, Taher, & Cappellini, 2017).

Football is an intermittent team-based sport, with unpredictable changes between high intensity activity and low intensity play (Iaia, Rampinini & Bangsbo, 2009). Football players generally perform low intensity activities for more than 70% of the game, but measurements of heart rate and body temperature suggest that the total energy demand is high (Mohr, Krustup, & Bangsbo, 2003). The repeated intense actions that are performed place high demands on both the aerobic and anaerobic energy systems, and are also a key feature in the fatigue that can occur at any moment in the game (Reilly, Drust & Clarke, 2008).