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From an economic aspect, immigration is somewhat beneficial since it increases the US work force and it’s economy. According to Camarota Steven on his testimony’’ Immigration and the US economy’’, immigration overall increases the economy of the US due to the fact that more workers and more people mean bigger GDP. He also pointed out that the impact of immigration of the seize of the economy is not a measure of the benefits of natives. That means that regardless of the benefits of natives, Immigration is a tool to increase the economy of the US. On the other hand, it can be detrimental to the US economy. In fact most of the immigrants work “under the table” which make the fiscal

Joe Messerli published an article that addressed the positive and negative effects immigrants have on the U.S. Obviously, having a larger population causes there to be greater competition to obtain work, however, the majority of the positions obtained by illegal immigrants are those that are undesired by Americans; low-skilled, low-paying, labor-intensive jobs (Messerli 2). Illegal immigrants pursue careers like dishwashers, landscapers, field workers, housekeepers, and food-processing plant workers. Very few Americans have the desire to obtain these jobs, whereas, illegal immigrants fill those positions gladly and do so at decreased wages. They also stay employed in those positions for many years, normally without the possibility of promotion. Americans however, only remain in such low-skilled, low-paying jobs for a short time, seeking to advance to higher paying positions.

Throughout the years there has been and increasing number of illegal immigrants in this country. Just recently Obama took executive action to shield illegal immigrants from deportation. A Texas Judge though blocked his executive action on immigration. Illegal immigration is a huge controversy here in the United States partly due to Americans thinking that illegal immigrates are taking jobs, causing lower wages, and the costs of education. In Immigration and the American Worker, George Borjas found that the presence of immigrant workers, whether they are legal or illegal, made the U.S economy about 11 percent larger each year. If overall the U.S economy is better off with illegal immigrant workers, then why is there a push for harsher immigration policies? The controversy is due to the fact that the impact of illegal immigration changes from state to state. I hypothesize that the problem is the distribution of illegal immigrants across the United States. I believe that the benefits outweigh the costs and that because of the distribution of illegal immigrants, the costs are only felt by a few. By granting amnesty to the undocumented workers we could increase the level of tax payers and better the lives of those who feel the costs of illegal immigrants the most. I will test this hypothesis out by looking at the impact illegal immigrant on the labor market, the cost of illegal immigration, cost of ant-immigrant policies, impact of legalization, and impact of amnesty.

There is question on whether or not the immigrants will help or hurt the economy. Some say immigrants will take jobs from Americans and damper U.S. tax rolls because they aren’t as skilled or educated. The fact is immigrants actually increase “overall wages and the pool of jobs” and add to the U.S. revenue (Dwoskin). In 2006 there was a suspected “21 million immigrants, about 15 percent of the labor force, [that] h[e]ld jobs in the U.S.” However, the U.S. only had about seven million unemployed. “So the majority of immigrants can't literally have "taken" jobs; they must be doing jobs that wouldn't have existed had the immigrants not been here,” (Lowenstein). Roger Lowenstein also presents a valid and insightful point in stating that immigrants who take these jobs that “wouldn’t have existed”, relative prices could be lowered in a similar way that global trade does.

Is it Myth or Reality that immigrants influence our employment? Americans are increasingly concerned about immigration reform; many Americans believe that immigrants are taking employment opportunities away from U.S citizens. Few studies have proven that hiring immigrants has an impact on wages and employment opportunities. Immigrants not only increase the supply of labor but; they also increase the demand for skilled labor. Creating, a Successful Temporary Worker Program that benefits the employee and employer. “A temporary worker program would meet the legitimate needs of American employers. And it would give honest immigrants a way to provide for their families while respecting the laws” (Bush, 2006). The policy will provide a successful worker program for documented workers that pass criminal background checks, meeting a certain criteria to be eligible for a temporary work permit. Upon passing the

One common misconception among native-born Americans is that with a virtually unlimited supply of “outsiders” willing to do a job for less than the native who is currently doing that same job, the value of the low-skilled work force is decreased as a whole. This, in turn, leads to the belief that immigrants are depressing the wages of that working class. However, over the last twenty years, numerous studies have been conducted in order to find out if this is true or not and in most cases the findings indicate that, “Immigration seems to have no effects on the wages or employment of white natives and very slight, if any, negative effects on the wages and employment of native blacks.” (Waldinger, David, Lichter 19)

The US labor force would not survive if it was not for illegal immigrants. If there were no illegal immigrants our labor force would decrease by four percent (Isidore 5). “We could not have grown as much as we did in the 1990s if we did not have immigrants… our growth would have been slower (Isidore 5).” Having illegal immigrants in our labor force increases the amount of resources we have, which increases the amount of production in the country. “Some economists discuss that not only do U.S. consumers benefit from lower prices as an outcome of the low wages most immigrants are paid, but that the convenience of lower-wage labor helps create more work for higher-skilled, higher-paid workers who are generally born in the US (Isidore 14).” Illegal immigrants are opening up higher wage jobs, because they take over the lower wage jobs. Many immigrants take jobs in the field of construction, agriculture

are the effects of globalization and immigration on the nation’s economy. Globalization is speeding up and the discussion on whether movements like outsourcing will wear down U.S. competitiveness or provide long-term improvement continues to carry on. Many are misconstruing the positive impact immigrants are having on this country because there is this looming misunderstanding that immigrants are stealing American jobs. But there are countless numbers of skilled immigrants who are in our country legally and are actually creating jobs rather than stealing them. The goal of the data provided in this document is to prove the economic and intellectual contributions of skilled immigrants at a nationwide level. Saxenian provides numerous evidence of the economic impact skilled immigrants are having through data provided by a sample of all engineering and technology companies founded in the last ten

Krikorian could use these statistics to support his idea that immigration has a negative impact on the labor market today because of the changes that society has experienced. The increased number of immigrant workers have created, “First, a loose labor market reduces the bargaining power of workers compared to employers, resulting in lower earnings and less opportunity for advancement for the poorest and most marginal of Americans” (Finsterbusch, 2014, p. 59). Krikorian expressed the idea that the American society is changing to fit the higher number of immigrants rather than immigrants assimilating. In the reading, Krikorian has it appear that the labor force is changing based on the education and skills of the immigrants rather than the immigrants needing to increase their education and skills to keep wages higher for the poorest and most marginal of

Illegal immigrants help boost the United States economy by paying some taxes. Like American citizens, illegal immigrants may pay local, state, and federal taxes including sales tax that helps support government services that they may not be able to access (Ewing 9). Since more American citizens are becoming aware of the benefits of an education, openings are being created for illegal immigrants in low paying jobs (Nadadur 1037-1052). Americans, unlike illegal immigrants, have more diverse careers. Aliens are more concentrated in specific job areas, resulting in a decrease in immigrant labor cost. This helps boost the United States’ economy (Carter 777-795). Of the approximate eleven million illegal immigrants in the U.S., most work in labor intensive jobs. Careers such as construction and agriculture tend to attract illegal aliens and they account for about twenty-five percent of the work force in these areas (Ewing 9). Ben Bernanke, chairman of the Federal Reserve admits that illegal immigrants help improve the United States economy and does not suggest turning them away (qtd. in Quindlen 90). Anna Quindlen, in her article “Newcomers By Numbers,” agrees with Bernanke and believes that immigrants are the factor that helps keep prices low. She also adds that immigrants are not causing American citizens unemployment, but are simply taking the low wage jobs that citizens are not willing to do and even boosting the economy (90).

Stated by the Center for American Progress, “an increased supply of labor as a result of immigration is easily absorbed into the labor market as a result of increased demand for labor, without lowering the wages of native born workers” (Kugler 3). Therefore, immigrants are more likely to be harder workers than those already in the United States because they value the opportunities given to them in the workforce. Their hard work and dedication allows the country to have an improved society. Moreover, according to Adriana Kugler and Patrick Oakford, “our broken immigration system stifles the contributions of immigrants and in turn withholds significant benefits from American workers” (Kugler 3). Without the labor of our immigrants, the country’s working percentage would greatly decrease.

Economic and labor force are the most impact affected involved with undocumented immigration into the United States (umich.edu). Today with over 11 million of illegal immigrants, their impact on the economy can be perceived as positive and negative. However, the main reason to support the undocumented immigration is that they do works that Americans do not want to do. Thus, since the most Americans do not compete with illegal workers for jobs, there is not a significant shift in the wage rate. But there is a small portion of the population who can be still hurt by immigrants doing their jobs for example, those without high school diplomas.

Immigration is important for the growth of the economy because it’s a major contributions towards the economy. The United States has often been referred to as a global melting pot due to its assimilation of diverse cultures, nationalities, and ethnicities. Today, this metaphor may be an understatement. Edstam and Carlson an immigration activists reports that, without the extra work and consumption provided by immigrants, the economy of the United States would collapse. They include in the article saying that, despite the common notion that immigrants steal jobs from Americans, the 2005 Economic Report shows that The Federal Reserve in fact recently raised its benchmark interest rate because it observed a strengthening U.S. economy with reduced unemployment, rising wages and some labor shortages Immigrants continue to strengthen local economies through their higher productivity and increased consumption (Edstam and Carlson). An article by Savajlenka added, Studies show that competition with American workers among immigrants is very minimal and limited to the unskilled labor. Therefore, Savajlenka immigration analyst states that, “Numerous studies have documented that immigrants are needed to replace the large number of retiring Baby Boomers and that the future growth of the U.S. workforce will come from immigrants and their children” (Savajlenka). This is an additional like a shot in occupations that presently use several older employees, like janitorial and truck driving

Virginia Postrel’s essay on the article published by The New York Times flipped my presuppositions about foreign immigrant’s affects on the United States’ wages. I have always assumed that foreign immigrants have driven wages down in America. Upon learning about substitutes and complements, I immediately placed immigrants into a direct substitute category without any further research. However, Postrel’s essay changed my mind. I learned that the immigrants may not be direct substitutes, and they may be complements to the work force. Postrel elaborated on this, and she mentioned the many studies economists have performed on the matter. Instead of being competition for American born citizens, they, for the most part, work entirely different jobs.

Opposing views claim that immigration equals to high unemployment among natives and national economic problems. Many immigrants are low skilled and in the last two decades have admitted to not having a high school diploma. According to Politico Magazine “because disproportionate percentage of immigrants have few skills, it is low-skilled American workers, including many blacks and Hispanics, who have suffered most from this wage dip.” (Stauffer Web). In the last few years immigrants have increased the low skilled