Why did India experience relatively slow economic growth from independence until 1991? India became an independent country in 1947 and from that moment until the first years of the 1990’s, the government adopted the Import Substitution Industrialization model (ISI) in order to protect the economy against foreign competition. The model was based on regulations in the private and public sector, trade and foreign direct investment that made the economy very closed compared to other economies in the world. The system was not sustainable in the long term because it encouraged inefficiency in the industry performance. For instance, the average GNP per capita at that period of time was as low as $2301. Moreover, India’s growth performance plan …show more content…
Nevertheless, there are still challenges that must be overcome beyond macroeconomic indicators, for example a reduction of bureaucracy, lower entry barriers, good leadership to eradicate corruption, investment in infrastructure, and most important, the investment on the people through health programs and education especially in the highest illiterate states. How big a deal are Hindu-Muslim frictions? Demographic fragmentation? Deficits The Hindu-Muslim conflict is affecting in many ways to India. First, the friction promotes a bad climate of business to foreign investors. For instance, Thomas Friedman in his book “The World is Flat” describes how a state of emergency in 2002 worried American companies due to rumors of a nuclear exchange attack against Pakistan. The book also quote N.Krishnakumar, President of MindTree a leading Indian knowledge firm who stated: “What we explained to our government, through the Confederation of Indian Industry, is that providing a stable, predictable operating environment is now the key to India’s development”. Secondly, the conflict affects the country through a high fiscal deficit. Only in 2002, the military spending rose around 10% of the government expenditures (Vietor and Thomson, 2008). The mayor concern is that
British East India Company played a significant yet strange part in the Indian. It was, at its inception, a commercial venture in the history of The British Empire, which was established in the year 1600 in the subcontinent. The main reason for entering the subcontinent was trade, making money and importing spices from South Asia. It was the Portuguese who used all their skills and their navigational technology to enter this great area first, and start trade in the most profitable manner they could. East India Company entered as an early and old-fashioned venture, and conducted a separate business with their private stockholders. Their approach and their trade lasted for many years until year 1657 (Farrington 5), when they made their base
“Englishmen.. have given the people of India the greatest human blessing - peace.” (Dutt). Merely coming to India in the 1600s to trade, the British East India Company established trading outposts. After ridding of French influence in India during the Seven Years’ War and having Indians mutiny against British rule, Britain gained full control of India. India has been under the imperialist control of the British until their independence in 1947. British imperialism caused some negative effects on India through poverty and persecution, but retained more of a positive impact due to its massive improvements in the modernization of India and the overall improvement of Indian civilization.
The 1960’s and 70’s were a turbulent time in the United States, as many minority groups took to the streets to voice their displeasure with policies that affected them. During this time period a large movement for civil rights, including Native American’s, would seek to find their voices, as largely urbanized groups sought ways in which they could reconnect with their tribe and their cultural history. In their book, Like A Hurricane: The Indian Movement from Alcatraz to Wounded Knee, Paul Chaat Smith, and Robert Allen Warrior take an extensive look at the events leading up to the three of the largest civil rights movements carried out by Native Americans. Beginning with the takeover of Alcatraz Island in the San Francisco Bay by Indians of All Tribes in 1969; the authors tell in a vivid fashion of the Bay Area activism and Clyde Warrior 's National Indian Youth Council, Vine Deloria Jr.’s leadership of the National Congress of Indians, the Trail of Broken Treaties and the Bureau of Indian Affairs takeover, the Wounded Knee Occupation and the rise of the American Indian Movement.
Imperialism is the domination of one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country. Imperialism is more often than not fueled by two major schools of thought known as nationalism and Social Darwinism. Nationalism is a feeling of pride and devotion to one’s country. This can drive a person to think that their country is the most powerful, and in essence drives that person mad with power and a hunger to conquer, which not ironically is exactly what many countries did. Social Darwinism is the very idea that a more powerful country conquer the smaller countries. “Survival of the fittest,” as the well renowned Charles Darwin used to say. Imperialism is also sometimes sparked by military motives, such as when USA set up
1~ Even if the indias change in looks, in the hearts they are still savages
The negative and positive effects of imperialism brought highs and lows. Some of the lows were old indian industries, the stop of economic development, the growth of poverty, and unemployment on a vast scale which was caused by the destruction of the industry and some of the positives were better machinery and the growth of trade.. Some old indian industries included shipbuilding, metalwork, glass, paper, and crafts were broken up into pieces. Because of the old indian industries being torn down, the economic development of India stopped and the growth of a new industry was prevented. The new industry was to be better and more efficient when compared to the old Indian industries.
Did you know that the British laid the foundations of modern-day India? This was one of the few positive acts the British made towards India. Many of the acts Britain made towards India benefited themselves not the Indians. You may be thinking that the British did a great thing by creating infrastructure in India, however, they created numerous complications in the government, economics, and socialism of India resulting in death among several millions of innocent civilians.
From the time you are young and learning about the 13 original colonies, you are exposed to Imperialism. Imperialism being a “mother country” who takes over another (or several) different, less powerful nations to collect more income, obtain more resources and spread their culture. About 300 years ago India was desirable because of their rich land for crops and the large population of people to work. India was so irresistible to the British that their rule over them lasted about 200 years, although they helped create a uniform government, develop a modern infrastructure and founded universities, it resulted in great damage to the Indians. Including, no control over their own government, destruction of beautiful, healthy land and millions of deaths.
The ongoing conflict between India and Pakistan has been the subject of speculation and study by political scientists and historians for a number of years. The ethnic conflict seems to have been sparked at the very beginning in 1947, when the British used Muslim and Hindu mercenaries against each other before the area finally split into today’s countries of India and Pakistan (Spiegel et al. 2015, 185). The timeline since then has been full of conflicts, both major and minor. Brutal tactics used by security forces and a high rate of unemployment have added to the issue (BBC News 2016).
The effects of imperialism are both positive and negative. The positive effects are banning inhumane traditional practices such as sati and the dowry system, promoting widow remarriage and prohibiting child marriage. The negative effects are that Britain caused the traditional industries to crash. Also, poverty increased. British officials were paid out of the India treasury.
Krueger argues that trade liberalization is the only way developing countries can spur a rapid economic growth. He argues that industry substitutes industrialization (ISI) is a failed policy when it comes to development of developing countries. Unlike Stiglitz, he mentioned even with the protection, the developing countries growth slows down eventually. The main intention of ISI was to provide protection for domestic industries against the developed countries industries. Because of that protection, the export earning grew less rapidly and real GDP
India has a highly dynamic and entrepreneurial business environment (Ford, 2011). The freedom of democracy in India supports the country’s private enterprise greatly. India’s characteristics of sovereignty could very well succeed China’s Communist led, authoritarian growth model (Schuman, 2012).
Even though the british did many negative things in india imperialism was mostly positive because modern technology was created in India, education increased and many new jobs were created all during imperialism in India. The first positive point of imperialism in India is modern technology. One huge part of modern technology in India is the new railways built by 1853 in India.This helped the indians with transportation and trading all over India. They were now able to travel to different parts of India since india is very big with out railways it would take a long time to travel to a different part of india. Brand new telegraphs were created in India which meant that they could communicate faster with other countrys or even states in india . Brand new telegraphs
This period was one of major change in Indian life and culture. While the East
In this essay I hope to look at the issues of conflict in South Asia focusing on India and in particular the continuing Hindu-Muslim tensions, and look at possible reasons for the continuing conflict which appears to have escalated since the withdrawal of British Rule from India. Multiple events had shaped the Indian subcontinent with