ABSTRACT
A study was conducted in farmers’ fields of Rai block of Sonepat district, Haryana, India to study the long term impact of two widely adopted resource conservation technologies (RCT’s) namely bed planting and zero tillage on structural properties of soils of recent alluvial plains of the river Yamuna. Aggregate mean weight diameter by dry sieving and wet sieving (DS-MWD and WS-MWD) under different RCT’s were studied to compare structural condition of the soils under continuous use of these technologies. Other important structural indices such as dispersion ratio (a measure of ease of dispersion; DR), colloid moisture equivalent ration (a measure of ease of percolation; CMER), erosion ratio (ER), stability index (SI), soil organic carbon (SOC), clay ratio (CR) were also studied to monitor the susceptibility of soil to erosion in the study area. Results revealed that in the surveyed villages under conventional tillage (CT), the mean (of 6 samples) magnitude of DR and ER were 0.58 and 0.82, respectively, and CMER was <1, which indicated the erodible nature of these soils. Analysis of data of bed and conventional systems revealed that on an average, there was about 19.08 % increase in SOC in bed planted system compared to conventional system. The decrease of DR, ER and CR from 0.66, 0.52 and 4.25 under CT to 0.42, 0.28 and 2.38 under beds indicated reduced eroding tendency of these soils under bed planting. Comparison of soil data of ZT and CT showed improvement (33.19
Extracted soil samples indicate simultaneous reduction of rainfall and occasional erosion. Both soil and sediment features show establishment of marked
Compacted soil can result in soil that is unable to create a run-off surface. If this happens, the water will be unable to seep into the soil and irrigate the crop. Tractors passing over soil can cause this compaction to occur, which is why tilling is a more effective way to stir up the soil. And as a bonus, tilling can help get rid of weeds, so it is a win win.
There are many ways to conserve soil. Windbreaks, cover crops and crop rotation are some methods to conserve soil. Windbreaks are tree lines that are planted around crop fields to provide shelter from the wind which in turn protects the topsoil from erosion. Cover crop is a crop that is planted just to occupy the land but they are not always harvested because the land is occupied by crop year round this reduces soil erosion. Crop rotation is a set of crops planted in order and repeated yearly. Examples of crop rotation are corn could be planted one year, wheat the following year and hay the third year. Crop rotation has various benefits such as the soil health is increased, the water absorption into the soil is increased and most importantly soil erosion is
Franklin D Roosevelt once said, “the history of every Nation is eventually written in the way in which it cares for its soil.” The United States began seeing sustainable management practices in farms, and healthier soil through this act. In 1982 through 2007, the United States soil erosion had declined by 43%” (Montanarella, 2015). Every year the United States loses about $400 billion dollars due to crop soil that is eroded. Soil is a limited resource and the largest resource for growing food, accommodating diverse ecosystems, and providing food resources. Therefore laws, acts, and provisions are necessary to protect this natural resource.
During the reign of the third riech the Nazi party committed many atrocities. Today the main ones focused on in school curriculum are the concentration camps and the ghettos. But during the war in Russia the Germans faced a logistical nightmare of moving the Russian Jews to the camps back in Prussia or Germany. The solution to this was the Babi Yar ravine.
Soil is the word that literally holds this world together. Without the necessity of soil, we probably wouldn’t even be where we are today. It is the main support system for our earth because it holds the roots to the ground, keeping our ground in tact. When we can’t control what happens in nature, like the Dust Bowl, we may be hit with unexpected dangers, but when it comes to things we can control we need to act right away. In the 1930’s, with little to no rainfall, weak soil and no advanced technology the people in the great plains were headed for a major catastrophe. They had no control over the way their land was moving, so it just kept going and eventually ended up to be known around the world as the Dust Bowl. If they would have had the
The typical morphological or physical features of the area with sodic soils were study in the field. The vertical section from the surface were dig up to the parent material and designate them into different horizon on the basis of soils color, texture, structure etc. Sodic soils develop a dense prismatic or columnar structure below the
An Act to Provide for the Allotment of Lands in Severalty to Indians on the Various Reservations. The year’s 1870 to 1900 Federal Indian policy was when earlier policies were dominated by removal, treaties, reservations, and even war. After that the new policy wanted to cripple reservation that still exist by giving individuals deeds to land to Native Americans. As discuss in class the 10% that agreed to move was enough agreement for the European settlers to take over. I guess this was a way to reassure the 10% of Native Americans who agreed to move that they were doing the right thing. The policies also included various alternative were giving to the Native Americans either keep your identity and settlers will still oversee as well as provide for Natives. Another Option was be more
First of all, farmers or gardeners acknowledge erosion and take into consideration of how to deal with it. When farmers or gardeners plough their plants, the topsoil can easily be eroded with wind or run-offs. This can create problems for local streams or for the soil. People learned to use other plants like bushes to counter wind erosion, also know as “windbreak”.
At the point when an Amacore oil tractor trailer in the Gobi Desert of Mongolia demonstrates ineffective, Captain Frank Towns and co-pilot A.J. are sent to stop the surgery of the operation and pass on the work gathering out of the desert. Be that as it may, in transit to Peiping, a John Major rubble storm weakens one motor, pressuring them to crash arrive their C-119 Flying Boxcar in an uncharted range of the Gobi Desert. Kyle tumbles to his demise and the accident murders Dr. Gerber and Newman. Their cargo comprises of used parts and execute from the apparatus, the rig's team, and Elliot, a wanderer. At the point when the dust tempest closes, it gets to be apparent that they are 200 miles off base with just a month's procurement of dihydrogen
David, during our field observation in the city of Yucaipa, you demonstrated to be a true professional.
Erosion is destruction on the rangeland from wind, water, cattle, and other natural agents. The process where the Earth gets worn down and removes material from the top of the soil. Erosion has been dated back to Plato and Aristotle (Montgomery et al 2007). There are many types of erosion, water erosion, sheet erosion, gravitational erosion, and wind erosion (Zonghu et al 1991). Water erosion is mainly in fields, where rilling would take place (Evan and Morgan 1974). Water erosion usually happens due to the lack of cover on the rangelands, and heavy rainfall will destroy plants, and even move the soil. Wind erosion is the most common type of erosion. One of the greatest problems in the United State is the wind shifting the soil surface (Pierson et al 1961). Livestock such as cattle (Bos taurus) also pose a threat to the landscape. Hart (1949) did a study on dairy farms, and found excessive gully erosion. Land with erosion losses the ability to hold water for the soil (Gifford and Whitehead 1982; Boardman and Mortlock 1993) while also losing key nutrients such as
I chose this project because I am a gardener and I wanted to see if there was anything to prevent soil erosion. I wondered if Contour farming, No-till farming, or if just regular soil would create the least soil erosion. I decided to put two gallons of water in rain form on each of the types of dirt, and I used a fan to recreate wind. Now I will tell you about No-till farming, then I will tell you about Contour farming, after I will tell you about the history of soil conservation, and then after that I will tell you about the popularity or the farmer's point of view.
Erosion removes the surface soils, containing most of the organic matter, plant nutrients, and fine soil particles, which help to retain water and nutrients in the root zone where they are available to plants. Thus it affects the productivity of plants. The remaining, the subsoil, tends to be less fertile, less absorbent and less able to retain pesticides, fertilizers, and other plant nutrients. There are over 17,000 soil types recognized worldwide. They vary widely in structure, erodibility, fertility, and ability to produce crops. A generalized soil profile for a humid, temperate climate is showed. When the natural vegetation is cleared for agriculture, soils become exposed to erosion and loss of soil fertility. The removal of the above-ground natural
Significantly, desertification also cause soil erosion, which means soil surface is worn by wind and water. Desertification makes soil easy to erode by water or wind, as soil is exposed and soil structure is instable without forest. LaI R(2003) says that ““Land area globally affected by erosion is 1094 million ha (Mha) by water erosion, of which 751 Mha is severely affected, and 549 Mha by wind erosion, of which 296 Mha is severely affected.” To control soil erosion, an obvious way is virescence, enlarging forest cover, which can protect the soil far from exposing to strong wind. Also, the roots of plants under ground play a role as a framework, as they are obstructions to soil movement,