Liberation Of Bangladesh Essay

For the bloodbath in March-December 1971 - when the Pakistani army executed a largely unarmed Bengali population in the then vital part of Pakistan’s state known as “East Pakistan”, in an effort to suppress the region’s demand for independence - was at the time the biggest story in the world’s media.

The ongoing conflict between India and Pakistan has been the subject of speculation and study by political scientists and historians for a number of years. The ethnic conflict seems to have been sparked at the very beginning in 1947, when the British used Muslim and Hindu mercenaries against each other before the area finally split into today’s countries of India and Pakistan (Spiegel et al. 2015, 185). The timeline since then has been full of conflicts, both major and minor. Brutal tactics used by security forces and a high rate of unemployment have added to the issue (BBC News 2016).

The British’s goal to separate the Muslims, Hindus and Sikhs was a total disaster. “The trouble was that Muslims, Hindus, and Sikhs were an integrated population so that it was impossible to make a border without widespread dislocation.” This quote states that making a border was impossible because the groups aren’t meant to be spread apart. “By the end of 1947 there were virtually no Hindus or Sikhs living in west India - now part of Pakistan - and no Muslims in the Indian east.” This explains how the British made Pakistan because of the partition. “The British government and Mountbatten must bear a large part of the blame for this tragedy." Therefore, the British caused religious violence and disagreement against each

India and Pakistan have been at odds for over seven decades since the partition that caused each to define itself in opposition to the other, and they have fought four wars since. The primary point of contention between the two countries is the Kashmir dispute, which dates back to 1947. After the Indian subcontinent divided, there was the issue of 650 states existing within the two newly independent countries. These states, which were each run by separate monarchies, had the choice to decide which country to join, or of remaining independent. In practice, the restive population of each province proved decisive. Although many princes wanted their territories to remain independent states, which would have meant hereditary monarchies and no

Because government as well as their neighbour were against them. Both these powers wants to reduce the population of Muslims in state. Over 32 million Muslims lost their property. This approach was totally power based. Mostly political power was used in this massacre. Hindu wanted to boycott the Muslims. It is kind of war against both the religion which resulted murders, rapes, homelessness and destroyed the property.

Indeed, the Partition of India and Pakistan, a decision made by lawmakers far from the front-lines, unleashed an episode of brutal depravity that might be unmatched in recent history. Growing tensions between Hindus and Muslims throughout the 1940s gave a ride for the desire for a Muslim state. Muhammad Ali Jinnah, who is regarded as the father of Pakistan, believed that a unified nation would only lead to marginalization of Muslims and, eventually, violence and civil war. An independent state seemed a solution to this danger. However looking at the grave situation of Pakistan today, was this a good decision or not is a highly debatable point of discussion running past the minds of

The year was 1971, and although decades had passed since the partition and birth of Pakistan, the dust still hadn’t settled. Pakistan and East Pakistan were separated geographically by India. Over the years, East Pakistan felt discriminated against politically and otherwise, so they rose up in rebellion against West Pakistan. All out civil war raged over the course of the year, resulting in millions of casualties and refugees streaming across the border to India. India, sensing weakness, and backed by the Soviet Union, launched a full-scale invasion of East Pakistan and in no time, Pakistan’s once great army was defeated. Bangladesh was born from the ruins of East Pakistan.

Less than 30 years after the war of Independence, East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) and West Pakistan (now Pakistan) had grown so further apart, even from the obvious geographical disconnect, that the liberation war of 1971 could be termed as inevitable. For some it was the war of liberation but for many who lost their friends, neighbors and other loved ones, it was a time of selfish loss.

The countries with the two largest populations in the world are India and China. This leads us to wonder how they became so populated and how they became countries. With these two countries we can analyze two major dynasties of their early civilization the Mauryan Empire from India and the Qin (Ch’in) Dynasty. The start of India’s long civilization dates back to the third and fourth millennia, when the Harappan society was thriving. This society was a large diverse society that covered a vast area of 600,000 sq. miles. Then around 1500 BCE the Harappan civilization collapsed in which is still a mystery today. After the fall of the Harappan civilization, a nomadic group came in none as the Aryans. They settled in India around 1500 BCE. Then by 330 BCE the Greeks had conquered the land. The Greeks had a short reign in India before the Mauryan Empire. The Mauryan Empire arose to power around 324 BCE. In China there were two Dynasties before the Qin Dynasty, Shang and Zhou. The Shang Dynasty dates back the sixteenth century BCE. The Shang Dynasty lasted until the eleventh century BCE when it was over thrown by the Zhou Dynasty. Zhou was the longest lasting dynasty in China history in which it lasted for 800 years. The Zhou dynasty fell because of the power of the king became insignificant and several of their principalities broke off to form powerful states. The fall of the Zhou Dynasty gave rise to the Qin dynasty in China around 221 BCE. The Mauryan Empire and

The Partition of India consists of a new country being made. This was done because of many cultural differences between Muslims and Hindus. They did not accept each other, so terrorized each others houses, many rallies where formed and there was much chaos in the entire area. Pakistan was where the Muslims were driven to and the Hindus stayed in India. Before Pakistan was created Muslims and Hindus lived in the same country called British India. Muslims were thought to be of a lower class and were not accepted by the Hindus. Even taking water from a Hindu well would not be accepted.

The causes from the Muslims were that they started to think that if they would not push them out of India, their religion, culture, business and trade would be in danger.

General Yahya Khan, who was the president of Pakistan, refused to transition power to democratically elected Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. “These events sparked a massive surge of some 10 million refugees from East Pakistan—Bangladesh—into West Bengal, India, one of the most impoverished districts of one of the world's poorest nations”(“Indo Pakistani War, 1971,” n.d.). General Yahya Khan tried to suppress this uprising by systematically eliminating Bengali civilians, religious minorities and armed personnel. The East Pakistanis fled in millions to India to escape from these brutalities. India was thus introduced into the war. Pakistan sent airplanes into Kashmir on December 3rd, 1971. This started a 12 day war between India and Pakistan in which India had the upper hand. India now recognized Bangladesh as a country and at the same time launched an air and ground assault on Dhaka. India now held control over Dhaka and had captured 90,000 Pakistanis as prisoners of war. Pakistan was left with no choice but to declare a ceasefire which ended the war between the two countries. Sheikh Mujib returned home to become Bangladesh’s first president. Pakistan officially recognized Bangladesh as a country in

The "Beginnings" and "The Power of Ideas" are the first two episodes of the video series produced by Michael Wood in the story of India. The first episode "Beginnings" video series traces those who are rich and the diversity of the peoples, culture as well as landscapes while the second episode "The Power of Ideas" tries to look at the power of ideas related to Indian history that includes Buddhism. In the first episode, we can see Michael Wood travelling across the subcontinent while tracing for the richness and diversity of its peoples, culture and also landscapes.

One of these complications was their Economic instability. Following the partition, the first consequence, was the uneven distribution of area and population. India was burdened with with 82% of the population and only procured 77% of the total area. The remaining 18% of population along with 23% of the total area went over to Pakistan. However, it is only when we look at the way in which the agricultural resources were distributed, that the real loss that India experiences become evident. Respective of the partition, 84% of the diffused area was handed to India, while the remaining 16% went to Pakistan. Although Pakistan got slightly less than what its population would demand, they more than made up for it, through the benefit of irrigation facilities. Out of the 70 million acres of irrigated land in the undivided country, 67% (48 million) went to India and 33% (22 million) went to Pakistan. Ergo, 45.2% of the total area Pakistan dominated, was made up of irrigation works, the reciprocal percentage in the Republic of India was only 18.9%. Pakistan, not only received a larger share of irrigated land, but also, India had the percentage of irrigated land that was only of protective nature (eg. they were only in place as last resort in times of famine conditions as opposed to feeding the entire population). This was especially so of the irrigation land in the South of India, notably in Bombay, Mysore and Madras. The partition, therefore, hauled India to have greater dependence on the whimsical of rainfall, reckoning for the their annual fluctuations in agricultural production. This was detrimental to India’s well being as even before the partition, India had a shortcoming in food, more specifically grains. This partition only further aggravated the problem. This can be seen through India having 82% of the population, but only producing 65% of the total crops. This was not so for the Pakistani population as they produced about one million tonnes of surplus food. The partition was therefore conducive in precipitating a net loss of 700,000 - 800,000 of annual supply in the Indian union. Additionally, the partition also initiated a severe shortage of raw cotton and raw-jute as well. This effected the Indian economy

The role of this specialist is to determine the role of India in the world trade of textiles and apparel, the political and economic orientation of India and the adequacy of the infrastructure for trade, the currency used and the exchange rate that goes with it against the US dollar, and the opportunities for foreign investment.