Indian Writing in English

Indian English Literature is defined as the contribution of Indian writers to the Literature in English. With the consolidation of the British power in India, English, the language of rulers also began to exercise its influence on the intellectuals of the country. To the educated people, English language is a gateway to western knowledge. English provided a window for the Indian intellectuals to have a look at the wide world.

Indian literature in English is not only part of Commonwealth literature, but also occupies a

ACADEMICS: I have read the famous book”incredible india” an exotic land of history,culture and colour”which introduces

The literature around the world has different types of authors and each one of them with his own writing style. The period where they live affects their style because the writers are exposed to different circumstances and factors. The arrival of the Islamic religion influenced the Indian poetry. This changed the way how they thought and expressed through poetry, and according to K. S. Ram “The two important factors in the world of Kabir [post Islamic poet] (XV century) were: one, the change of the Vedantic religion dry, abstract intellectualism; and two, the fights between Hindus and Muslims had become a sad fact of everyday life.”. This essay will be focused on a comparison and contrast about the Indian poetry before and after the Islam.

Indo-Anglian literature forms an integral part of English and it has attained a distinct place in the literary landscape in the literary landscape of India. It is a synthesis of two great literary traditions-Indian and Anglian. It is an offshoot of colonial rule and in more or less a synthesis of two great cultural traditions. For the past two decades it has grown from strength to strength and acquired a new change and life with the emergence of talented second generation of writers who are at home in English language more than the native speakers. Among the second generation of writers may be included Amitav Ghosh, Vikram Seth, Upamanyu Chatterjee, Shashi Tharoor, Shashi

The Indian society believes that men have the facility and cultural hegemony in the group. A odd feature of the Indian action is that men defend maleness and deem women not manly which is not basically human. Women are marginalised through cultural institutions and religious rituals. Feminist movements have been maddening for removal of this marginalisation. The hermetic salutation of feminism in the 1960s and 1970s helped theorize a girl's discourse. A feministically right to use text can gain to a better covenant of the woman's condition Feminism in Indian English literature is focused so many years back. Feminism refers to the support of women’s right. This right is to remove gender discrimination and gives equal status to female in society. From the early period to modern period women writers presents the theme to highlight women issues in society. It goes on developing its content time to time. It starts with suppression of women and slowly comes to revolt of women. Feminism in India is a set of movements bearing in mind the direct of defining establishing and defending diplomatic and socio-economical rights and equal opportunities for Indian women. Like the feminists of new countries in India too the women be lacklustre for gender equality, the right to sham for equal wages the right to equal entry to health, education and politics too and I should make known for

modernism. Anand was a socially commited novelist, through his novels he has very strongly made Indians try to understand those traditional vices which are biggest hurdles of India becoming modern. Layers of oppressions, humiliation and economic disparity burdened Indian society so much that British colonialism seemed to be lesser factor in India’s progress rather than own Indian internal colonialism. From his works he has always tried to educate Indians to forcing their consciousness to think about the social problems that disseminated because of religious beliefs. We can see the India under British raj in his novels but he emphasizes on the decayed Indian society which is more responsible for India’s deterioting societal condition. Anand

B. Bawake examines the changing morals and values as reflected in fiction while placing Adiga in the tradition of a long line of Indian English writers and identifying those who have influenced him.

NayantaraSahgal is one of the distinguished Indo English writers who write in the stream & national consciousness. She is a prolific writer and her literary canon consists of nine novels, two autobiographies and some non- fictional works. In fact, NayantaraSahgal has introduced a considerable number of autobiographical elements in her novels. For a question, she asserts that ‘all art is autobiographical’ (Women’s Space The Mosaic World Of Margaret Drabble AndNayantaraSahgal, 27).Her work ranges from factual and emotional autobiography to fictionalized autobiography.

Aesthetics , developed in Bharatavarsha through many centuries says, there can be no worthy literary Creation unless it produces some sentiment or the other. The principles of literary art are universal,The doctrine of Rasa can be applied to any worth while literature of any country of any century.

The Indian born writer Bharati Mukherjee is one of the most widely known immigrant writers of America. The immigrant writers in America can be divided into two categories. Firstly the ‘willing immigrant’ writers who settled in America from Europe and Asia and who have made it their home. The second category consists of the ‘unwilling immigrant writers’ with African origin whose forefathers were brought to America in some slave strip. But Mukherjee considered herself different from other European writers for a variety of reasons: “I am very different from other non-European writers in saying that, to me, the loss of old culture is exciting. Is exhilarating. Is a plus rather than a minus. Just describing the extraordinary wealth and comfort that was natural part of my childhood and which I would have inherited, in whatever damaged ways, if I had stayed on in India made me realize that I was thrilled to have the opportunity to give it up, to assume a new identity. That kind of Third World hierarchy where your opportunities are closed by caste, gender or family was horrendous to me.”

In the first few excerpts from Al Biruni’s India – an informative text on his observation of Indian life – Al Biruni sets up the stage for his readers to develop a mindset necessary to understand his description of Indian culture, philosophy, language, etc. In this paper, I will establish that Al Biruni’s experience, and hence his explanation of India should have been considerably impacted by his sociopolitical standing. At the same time, I will make the case that despite of his keen efforts to limit his text to informative purposes, he fails to prevent his out-group bias from appearing in his writing.

The novelty of the new age demands that the soft and delicate language such as Braj Bhasha should be left out, we cannot remain with the feminine language because the new age demands new language and the new language came in the form of modern “Hindi”. The Awadh elites who were the bearers of “Hindi” were practically forced to invent the style, a culture, a new form of consciousness. The whole national consciousness was at stake as it was a matter of adopting a whole new consciousness. Through this piece, we get to discover that in the language matters, when there is a loss, there will also be a gain. For instance, the Khari Boli Hindi poetry was realized as a powerful invention which was slowly taken over by Urdu. But after this entire complex thing, we get to experience some gain, which came in the form of modern “Hindi” that brought a new social order and awareness.

Mulk Raj Anand is a prominent figure in Indian writing for his delineation of the lives of the poor castes in traditional Indian culture and society and his depiction of Indian women. His personal experiences and the changes in Indian political, social and cultural institutions forms his works.

Bhabani Bhattacharya is a great novelist among the old masters, who wrote their works which show their great creative power. Though he has not been put in the group of the ‘Big Three’- Mulk Raj Anand, Raja Rao and R.K. Narayan but he is unquestionably one of the celebrated Indo-English fiction writers. Some critics rightly regarded him as one of the four wheels of the Indian English novel. His fictional output, spreading over a period of about thirty years, consists of six novels and one collection of short stories viz. So Many Hungers (1947), Music for Mohini (1952).He Who Rides a Tiger (1955). A Goddess Named Gold (1960), Shadow from Ladakh(1966), A Dream in Hawaii(1978), and Steel Hawk and Other Stories(1968).