Indian indentureship vs. African Slavery

Toussaint L’ouverture was not only a good liberator but he was also a great ruler of Saint Domingue. Saint Domingue was not a good country without Toussaint. Toussaint was a great leader for Saint Domingue and changed their lives forever. He wrote a document that restricted the slaves. (Doc. C) He created this document so that the slaves are free but, they still have to follow the rules like all the others. Toussaint also created a proclamation stating that “Any individual… tending to incite sedition shall be brought before a court martial and be punished in conformity with the law.” (Doc. D) Toussaint states here that if any slave that breaks the law will go to the military court and be punished with the law. He uses this law to help all the

For Glissant, the rootless cell Toussaint should be seen as an island in the archipelago of the New World that connects the Atlantic and Caribbean early in the hemisphere, certainly a prophetic vision of his revolutionary past. This 'island', a common Caribbean place par excellence, after two hundred years of solitude, should not be quarantined, or serve as a stage to be cynically exploited by political opportunists, but be freed from the prison of the imperial

Toussaint knew what he wanted, and he had his constitution written with all of the things he wanted to have be incorporated into the Haitian society. (Doc C) When he gave himself the role of Saint Domingue’s chief general for life- with his very own constitution- it showed his power over what he wanted, and how he wanted life with his land and people. (Doc C) Adding to this, in the proclamation that Toussaint made as chief general, he specifically stated his unwanting of vagabonds in his land, and how he wanted more people to work keep the island running.

The statements that Toussaint makes in document B show how he is bold enough to stand up to one of the world’s superpowers at the times, and say enough is enough. Toussaint would not stand for mere empty promises from France of no more slavery, he knew there was a danger of them reinstating it if haiti submitted.So he made his stance clear and quite uncensored.

Slavery on Saint Domingue took a nasty turn against the white and mix raced people living there. “On the night of October 29, a revolt broke out on the Northern Plain – whites were massacred from Fort Liberté to the gates of Cap Français” (Doc. E). This Revolt was a declaration of something big, freedom. Toussaint encouraged the freedom of slaves when claiming “how could men just watch calmly as their liberty is being taken away” and “we know how to confront danger to our liberty,” (Doc. B). This is all evidence of his support of the abolishment of slavery and how he wants and knows how to keep it free for all in Saint

Later, when France threatened to reinstate slavery, Toussaint sent a letter to the French Directory in 1797. Toussaint stated that reinstating slavery would be almost impossible because the people of Saint Domingue had already known what it is like to be free. He said that

Toussaint L’Ouverture was born into slavery in 1743. He was the oldest child of an African Prince that was captured and forced into slavery. L’Ouverture was taught to read and write by his godfather as a child, which greatly impressed the manager of the plantation where he lived. The manager allowed L’Ouverture to use his personal library which helped him learn 3 languages and become well versed in the medicinal use of plants and herbs. Despite having worked as a slave, he also became a skilled horseman. As L’Ouverture grew older he gained his freedom from slavery, continuing to have a close relationship with his former owner regardless of any negative stigma he may face.

b. Dessalines, who had commanded the black and the mulatto forces during the final phase of the revolution, became the new country's leader; he ruled under the dictatorial 1801 constitution. The land he governed had been devastated by years of warfare. The agricultural base was all but destroyed, and the population was uneducated and largely unskilled. Commerce was virtually nonexistent. Contemplating this bleak situation, Dessalines determined, as Toussaint had done, that a firm hand was needed.

However, in spite of his positive effect upon Haiti, the fact that he appointed himself governor general calls into question some of his motives. When he saw that there was no strong French government on the island, Toussaint

By 1792, the French had sent troops in to try and restore order. These battles differed from the battles in the United States because they centered on ideas of racial equality. Poorly treated slaves and angry mixed race citizens fought not only for their right to have an independent nation, but for a literal freedom and equality for themselves. When Toussaint L’Overture, a former slave, took over the Haitian armies in 1793, he was fighting both the British and the French, two armies fighting to possess an island rich in resources, including the slaves who were fighting against them. He was a powerful leader and an intelligent military strategist, and his capacity to control the rebelling slaves greatly improved their organization. Battles with the French dragged on until 1803, when Napoleon no longer had the resources to sustain the warfare and withdrew his troops. By 1804, Haiti was an independent republic governed by Jean-Jacques Dessalines, who in a final expression of racial tension had the remaining white citizens massacred. Both the United States and Haiti helped secure their independence through successful military campaigns, but Haiti’s independence had race as a focal point in a way colonists of the United States did not

Though the colony was returned to Spain in 1809, weak support led to a decay in colonial infrastructure, leading to a revolt, led by José Núñez de Cáceres and Don Manuel Carvajal, which declared “Spanish Haiti” independent. However, the new nation was vulnerable, and Boyer immediately seized on the opportunity to unite the island for security purposes, seeking to impose “Haitianization” on Santo Domingo economically and politically. Such aspects of “Haitianization” included abolition of slavery, land redistribution, settlement of Haitians, and forced cultivation of crops in a region dominated by cattle ranchers. (Moya Pons 123, 133) An insurrection group named los trinitarios seized on the discontent of the Dominican people in the 1830s and 1840s, leading to independence in 1844. (Black 19)

Although there is a lot of controversy surrounding the term dual-identity or dissociative identity disorder, various research and the behavior of characters in The Scarlet Letter and Speak prove it to be a very serious illness. In The Scarlet Letter, Roger Chillingworth and Arthur Dimmesdale are both characters that appear to be highly respected but in reality they struggle with internal shame. Andy Evans, on the other hand, thinks of himself as the most popular kid in school and allows his ego to get in the way, but other characters in Speak see his true identity. The illness can be described as a disorder characterized by the presence of two or more distinct personality states. “Dissociative identity disorder is characterized by identity

The San Domingo revolution led to the abolition of slavery, independence of Haiti from France and the proclamation of a black republic. However, unlike many historians, CLR James in his work, The Black Jacobins, does not depict the struggle for independence as merely a slave revolt which happened to come after the French Revolution. He goes beyond providing only a recount of historical events and offers an intimate look at those who primarily precipitated the fall of French rule, namely the black slaves themselves. In doing so, James offers a perspective of black history which empowers the black people, for they are shown to actually have done something, and not merely be the subject of actions and attitudes of

In the 19th century, Enlightenment ideas were spreading all over Europe and Latin American which influents the white elites in Haiti to want a capitalist market and control of it own resources. Latin America’s elite class became anti-imperialist and favored exportation based on capitalism. Also, the white elites in Haiti saw that France was fully engaged in the Napoleonic Wars and seized the

Dreams depend on the person and whether they can make them happen. In The Alchemist by Paulo Coelho, a boy named Santiago is on a journey to find his treasure. He later pursues finding this treasure with the help of many other characters, and develops into a well-rounded, knowledgeable person. Paulo Coelho explains that if an individual keeps dreaming about one’s “treasure,” not only should one go and find it but also learn from your journey as one gets there. Paulo Coelho shows how Santiago overcomes his obstacles, in order to seek his treasure and defeat the challenges he must face to get to his treasure and as well as incorporating other characters to help him alongside with his travels.