Income, growth and prosperity were accepted as key indicators of progress and development till the first half of the twentieth century. This was a preoccupation of classical economists. But in present century there is a great conflict, which relates development with equality, growth without equitable distribution and prosperity alongside rising gender inequalities. None of which are natural but rather influenced by social and cultural factors. There is need to broaden the concept of development to encompass the overall well-being of people rather than just denoting rising income. The national income as calculated by the Gross National Product (GNP) measure is no indication of the standard of living of nation’s people. The condition of …show more content…
It must also address crime, poverty, unemployment, environmental sustainability, women empowerment and so on. That is why in 1996 the ‘Development Assistance Committee’ of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development Goals that stimulated a lot of interest pushed by some extremely dedicated individuals. Declaration introduced in the first UN Millennium Summit in September 2000 attracted the largest number of the world leaders in the history. The UN Millennium Summit proposes eight essential objectives; referred to as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Thus for the first time in our history of development, a set of well-defined goals, understandable to all, was adopted jointly by the world communities. The present chapter has been divided in to five Sections. Section I briefly describes the origin of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and list of MDGs, its targets and indicators. A brief description of Millennium Development Goals in India has been provided in section II. Need of the study and its objectives have been given in section III. Section IV discusses the data availability for measuring the indicators of MDG in Indian context, methodology, tools and technique in used in the study. Limitations and the chapterization scheme have been provided in the last section.
SECTION-I
1.2 The Millennium Development Goals At the end of the century, leaders from different
The United Nations sustainability goal that was researched was the goal for the eradication of extreme poverty and the mend the elements associated with extreme poverty by 2030 (United Nations, 2017). These elements include the lack of gender equity, lack of education, and social discrimination associated with extreme poverty.
2. Which of the UN Millennium Declaration's eight development goals focus directly on improving the lives of females?
In 2015, the United Nations (UN) created a set of 17 goals, which they said were necessary to achieve to ensure worldwide human development. The final goal is that as countries strive to meet the goals, they become more developed, and as they develop, the standard of living for citizens increases too. It is important to strive for all the goals, but there are two that are necessary in accomplishing first and that will lead to achieving of the rest of the goals. These two goals are quality education and decent work and economic growth. These two are extremely important in accomplishing because the pave the way to reaching the goal of all 17 more obtainable.
There are a number of Non-governmental development organization (NGOs) operating in the developed and developing countries in order to eradicated poverty in the world. Among these NGOs two top NGDOs are Oxfam Australia and Save the Children Australia. (The Global Journal, 2012). Oxfam believes that poverty is indispensable and preventable and the causes of poverty are injustice and inequality but with the support the lives of poor people can be changed. Oxfam is assisting people through its long term solution to eliminate injustice, empowering people to have a prosperous future. Oxfam has a major goal brining a positive change in the lives of poor people and it has 12 other key goals. These key goals are part of Oxfam Strategic Plan 2009 -2014. (Oxfam, 2014). Key goals of Oxfam Australia are right to be listened, gender justice, protecting live, sustainable food, reasonable sharing of natural resources and financial assistance for development. Oxfam says that other six goals are focused on changing world which includes a globally influencing network, quality of program, accountability, investment on people, cost effectiveness and increase in income.
The United Nations Development Program is a global development network tasked with the responsibility of advocating for change in various countries. The body works to eradicate poverty and reduce inequalities through sustainable development. Several dimensions including health, education and income measure human development. Each of the three dimensions has their specific indicators. This exposition will compare the data on two countries and explain why they rank in different categories.
b) Zimbabwe has come a long way in becoming gender responsive to gender inequalities in the educational system. “Zimbabwe became signatory to many conventions and protocols on gender issues, such as the Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), The Equal Remuneration Convention, The SADC Declaration on Gender, and the Beijing Declaration and Platform of Action (1995). At the UN Sponsored Millennium Summit in September 2000, 191 UN members agreed to a global contract known as the Millennium Development Goals. In the Millennium Development
They are (1) Eradicated extreme hunger and poverty, (2) Achieve universal primary education, (3) Promote gender equality and empower women, (4) Reduce child mortality, (5) Improve maternal health, (6) Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases, (7) Ensure environmental sustainability, and (8) Develop a global partnership for development. The Millennium Development Goals (MDG) for Sierra Leone has made progress, but will not achieve all of them by end of this year. Sierra Leone’s MDG’s are a challenge to achieve because of poor infrastructure, lack of reliable electricity supply and weakness in social services delivery. There is also corruption in the government, which is very inefficient to civil service. The MDG’s are believed to be achieved 10% per annum range; it is a slow progress because of the factors mentioned above (Millennium Development Goals Progress Report 2010,
It is necessary that each development goals need to monitor periodically and evaluate the outcomes and hindrance. Sometimes, it is difficult to achieve the development goals thatswhy individual has responsibility to review the development goals
Throughout this article, Tom Risen discusses the objectives set by the United Nations to end extreme poverty and World Hunger. The objectives set by the United Nations were known as the Millennium Development Goals and most of the goals were achieved throughout the reform. The United Nations set formidable goals to diminish global poverty and hunger by 2015. While the project successfully cut World Hunger into a small percentage and poverty in half, the multinational groups were conflicted about how much developing regions such as sub-Saharan Africa can enhance by the year 2030. The campaign was also able to help reduce the death of children under the age of five by vaccination efforts against measles. Mr. Risen additionally describes how the
From the earliest days of civilized society, each generation seeks to advance their lives to be easier, more efficient, or more productive in one way or another. This advancement, this growth, this knowledge increase is also known as development. As societies developed and the concept of money was introduced, personal wealth was seen as the most common way to measure success and prestige. The GDP (Gross Domestic Product) per capita measure was introduced to compare living conditions between countries. However, comparing wealth cannot be the only measure of assessing how developed group of people are. In order to understand development, the best social welfare function measures how empowered people are on average to a long life where they have
The MDG has provided the world with better ways to meet human needs and requirements of economic transformation, while protecting human rights, ensuring peace, and realizing human rights. Along with the many accomplishments that the MDG has achieved so far I think the two achievements that are most striking are, the amount of people that have gained access to piped drinking water, 2.3 billion in 1990 and increased to 4.2 billion in 2015. The MDG has allowed countries to have access to improved sanitation and drinking water. Another achievement that stood out to me in the overview is that in Northern Africa pregnant women received four or more antenatal visits, which increased from 50 percent to 89 percent between 1990 and 2014. This is drastic
Many people might have had heard of the millennium project and its goals. However most don’t know how close these goals are to being all achieve. One huge misconception people have on the world population is that it will continue to grow until it reaches a point where it will be too big and collapse. Another misconception people have is how poor countries have no change on becoming developed and will always be poor. However, this development gap is closing and as it does it decreases the child rate in the poor countries allowing the world population to balance out.
In 2000, United Nations announced the Millennium Declaration for global development and committed to achieve eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by 2015 (United Nations, 2000). Over the past 15 years, by reviewing and reflecting the failures and success of these ambitious goals (Childs, 2015), the debate about international giving continues. To support the stance about “the U.S. government and NGOs should stop aiding more to foreign countries,” this memo will briefly indicate this stand. In order to be well prepared for our debate, this note could provide a brief outline for this point of view.
According to the United Nations The Millennium Development Goal (MDG) target of halving extreme poverty by the end of 2015 has been met, as the proportion of people living on less than USD 1.25 (purchasing power parity) per day (the extreme poverty line for 2005) in developing regions fell by more than half from 1990 to 2010
The questions are raised as what and how the wealth is distributed or allocated among societies. Countries with similar average incomes can differ substantially when it comes to people’s quality of life such as social justice, access to education and health care, job opportunities, availability of clean air and safe drinking water, the threat of crime, freedom of speech, life expectancy, birth-death control, identity, culture, conservation, equal opportunities, environmental change. Development is important as it covers a wide range process involving cultural, economic, environmental, political, social and technological change of a country. Regarding goals and means of development, recent United Nations documents emphasize on human development measured by life expectancy, adult literacy, access to all three levels of education as well as people‘s average income which is a necessary condition of their freedom of choice. In other words, human development incorporates all aspects of individuals’ well -being from their health status to their economic and political freedom. The Human Development Report 1996 of UNDP focuses on development as the end and economic growth a