Indigenous Population

Correctional Services Canada prepared a publication stating “poverty, inadequate educational opportunities, unemployment, poor living conditions, alcohol abuse and domestic violence all contribute to Aboriginals coming into conflict with the law” (August, 2013). If I should reflect on the First Nations Reserve I currently work; according to a report by Statistics Canada; 2006 Aboriginal Population Profile there was a total of “1,245 Aboriginals 15 years and over with a 32.1 unemployment rate, while there was a 20.8 unemployment rate in the province of New Brunswick” (Statistic Canada,

While the initial objective was for the schools to help integrate First Nations children into the mainstream society they lived in, this integration clearly became an attempt at conversion. The children were removed from their families for extended durations, attempting to ensure Canadian-Christian upbringing. The residential schools original goal drastically changed, with their disgraceful policy regarding forbidding Aboriginal children from any kind of acknowledgement and recognition of their native language and culture. There are numerous reports of physical, psychological and sexual abuse experienced by Indigenous children in residential schools and painful consequences that in most cases last a lifetime (Hanson, E.).

In Prairie courtrooms, Indigenous defendants now make up 85 per cent of the criminal caseloads, defense lawyers claim. At a nearby Stony Mountain Institution, Indigenous men make up 65 per cent of the inmate population. These men are often there because they fail to comply with a condition of bail, or they are

There is alarming number of Indigenous Australia’s currently serving time in prisons and from 2001 the numbers has been increasing. According to Krieg (2006) Indigenous incarceration may be the direct consequences of inadequate housing, mental health, substance use, family violence and disability.

This leads to uneducated people living in close confinement in poverty. The answer for a lot of the young people is crime. The statistics for over representation by first nations people in Manitoba are as follows “12% of Manitoba’s population is Aboriginal, yet over half of the 1600 people incarcerated in Manitoba are of Aboriginal descent.” (Government of Manitoba). The question then becomes, why are there so many offenders from one ethnic group? “The commission explains that Aboriginal people seem to commit more crimes as well as they are discriminated against within the justice system” (Government of Manitoba). This seems to me, to be an extension of the Residential school policies, in which the First Nations people are discriminated against, in this case treated as drunks and criminals, which is not much better than the “savages” they use to be.

The mistreatment of Aboriginal children at residential schools caused detrimental impacts on their identity and even led to death. Furthermore, this has led to many repercussions that negatively affect their communities and made them more prone to criminal acts. There have also been rising tensions between the Aboriginal population and the Canadian government due to the protests for compensation. The imposition of residential schools has negatively impacted the lives of the Aboriginal population and the government must take action for the betterment of their

According to Monchalin (2016), the affects of colonization and treatment of Indigenous community’s correlates to the over-representation of Aboriginal people in the criminal justice system. Furthermore, stating Aboriginal people are susceptible to risk factors, which can result in crime. Monchalin (2016), defines risk factors as influences which increase the probability of being exposed to victimization or crime. Risk factors present in Aboriginal communities include marginalization, systemic racism, lack of cultural identities, and dysfunctional, disorganized families (Monchalin, 2016). Residential schools are notoriously known for their role in producing immensely negative affects on Aboriginal people for decades, which has been detrimental within communities and has lead to the vast overrepresentation in the criminal justice system. The Office of the Correctional Investigator (2016), states in 2016, the number of Aboriginal people represented in Canadian federal institutions had reached 25 percent, whereas the aboriginal population itself only reflects 4.3 percent of Canada’s total population. To what extent has residential schools influenced the current issues concerning overrepresentation of Indigenous people in Canadian Prisons? Residential schools have had an instrumental role in hindering Aboriginal male’s ability to succeed in society, thus leading to the mass incarceration of First

The number of aboriginal women in Canadian prisons is on the rise, women of aboriginal descent now make up more than 35 per cent of the female prison population, and Aboriginal women represent about four per cent of the general population. The overrepresentation of Aboriginal people in the criminal justice system has long captured attention in Canada. Many factors such as finically poor, instable housing, households with only mothers with children, low education and disordered social network systems are associated with the commission of crime in neighbourhoods. This paper will argue that the over-representation of Aboriginal women can be explained by their underprivileged position in both socioeconomic

The negative impact of the residential schools on the Native communities still remains to this day. Even the people who did not attend those schools still share the same millstones as their ancestors. These include domestic violence due to personal trauma and the loss of Aboriginal language, culture and traditions. Some of those who have attended the schools suffer from post-traumatic stress syndrome and the effects make it challenging to take part in social, family and professional environments. Many of the children grew up without experiencing a nurturing family life and without the acquaintance and skills to raise their own families. Also, the sense of worthlessness that was implanted in the students resulted to self-abuse. The extremely low self-esteem contributed to a high rate of substance use, alcoholism and suicide. The damage caused by the residential schools has caused intergenerational

The indigenous people of Japan and Russia are called Ainu. Ainu is also referred as Aino, Aynu and Ezo in ancient text. The history showed that they spoke Ainu language and other varieties of languages. They lived mostly in Hokkaido, the Kuril Islands, and Sakhalin. The people who still called them Ainu live in those regions. The exact number of the population of Ainu is still unknown. There are confusing and conflicting issues with Ainu due to mixed heritages, which result in hiding their identities. There is much intermarriage in Japan, which causes the loss of identities of real Ainu. The official estimates of the population of Ainu are

The over-representation of Indigenous people in the criminal justice system is a large problem in society and reasons as to why this may be occurring need to be examined (Walker & McDonald, 1995; AIC, 2013). Indigenous Australians make up less than three per cent of the overall Australian population, however Indigenous people are over-represented in Australian prison populations, with imprisonment rates that are around 12 times those of the rest of the Australian population (AIC, 2013). Rates of over-representation are even higher in juvenile detention, with a 10-17 year old Indigenous person being around 24 times more likely to be in detention than a non-Indigenous person of the same age (AIC, 2013; Cunneen & White, 2011). Indigenous Australians overrepresentation in the criminal justice system is usually due to offences pertaining to violence and public disorder (ABS, 2010; Hogg & Carrignton, 2006). This is endorsed by the fact that Indigenous Australians currently make up 40 per cent of those imprisoned for assault offences (AIC, 2013). The over representation of Indigenous Australians in the criminal justice system may be attributed to a variety of reasons, known as risk factors (AIC, 2013).

Aboriginals are disproportionately overrepresented in provincial and federal jails across Canada is an issue that originates from race alone. Many studies have concluded as well that the overrepresentation of Aboriginal people in prisons is caused in part by systemic discrimination against them in the criminal justice system. The Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics report: in 2003, Aboriginal people made up 18-20 per cent of all sentenced admissions to jail, but only take up 3.6 per cent of Canada's population (Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, 2004). As statistics accumulate, it is important to note that the overrepresentation of Aboriginals in correctional institutions is connected with a high degree of social context issues. Based

Aboriginal women’s health and wellness issues are present in Canadian society today. When reading, reviewing, and contemplating the information found in the first four units, it sheds an Aboriginal prospective on past and current events. A comparison between pre and post western European colonization highlights the differences between two different times. Colonization was the starting point of the decline of Aboriginal women’s health and wellness; physical, mental, spiritual, emotional, psychological and social wellbeing. Social oppression of the Aboriginal people was the cause and effect that brought forward self harming behaviours, domestic violence, and unhealthy life style choices.

The residential school system in Canada was to give a disciplined based idea that encouraged aboriginal culture to be in favor of European people. The children at the age six were taken away from their parents to be sexually, physically and mentally abused, which were the teaching strategies in Residential schools. Church organizations ran the Residential schools and by doing this, they were receiving money from government. Churches were given money by per Aboriginal child, so they were taking away as many Aboriginal children as possible. These schools were located in every province in all over Canada from 1860-1884 and churches were promoting their religious and cultural beliefs. However, the torture that many young aboriginal experienced in the residential schools showed the difference between the European society and The Aboriginal society.

Indigenous people are those that are native to an area. Throughout the world, there are many groups or tribes of people that have been taken over by the Europeans in their early conquests throughout the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, by immigrating groups of individuals, and by greedy corporate businesses trying to take their land. The people indigenous to Australia, Brazil and South America, and Hawaii are currently fighting for their rights as people: the rights to own land, to be free from prejudice, and to have their lands protected from society.