Indirect Use Values

Decisions regarding environmental problems require both knowledge and values. Placing value on specific issues can be sorted into four categories of justification: utilitarian, ecological, aesthetic and moral. California Blue focuses on the interplay of environmental issues and ethics emphasizing the conflict between industry and species preservation. Timber cutting in the Northwest United States is a mainstay of the economy. Although clear cutting is not as environmentally sensitive as selective harvesting and redwood cutting, some is essential to America's continued growth and prosperity. To ban timber operations and to throw people out of work, all to preserve an endangered blue butterfly, is to test the limits and logic of ecological priorities. The national policy of preserving endangered species serves the purpose of promoting biological diversity, which if not followed might threaten the ecosystem. This national policy of species preservation is a matter of social policy balanced with the competing interests of the local economy and human needs. Under the utilitarian approach one must balance the benefits of species preservation with the detriment of stopping human activity which threatens that species or the environment in which the

The Columbia River Limpet, otherwise known as the Short-faced Lanx, is endangered due to human causes. This species is endangered due to population fragmentation and isolation, dam-building, and many other human causes. In addition, habitat loss is one of the biggest problems because this organism has such specific habitat requirements. This species lives in a freshwater ecosystem and now, large populations can only be found in 4 streams. On the other hand, these human-induced problems can be remedied with a few restrictions, support, and a little effort.

Hunters, activist or conservationists have a common goal “ensure that endangered species are here for generations to come” . Some comments that conservation trough commerce is a worthy way to manage natural resources and create awareness of endangered species. Hunters are more likely to be interested in support charities in order to prevent endangered animals to become extinct.

Conservation of our biodiversity not only demonstrates foresight, it protects the natural resources so vital to our own continued existence. The value of any single species to an ecosystem is immeasurable; the environment will not endure without its species, despite size or niche. These animals are not dispensable. And, they are apt to face extinction in the not too distant future, unless a resolve for their preservation is insisted by the public and enforced by governments internationally.

Issue: The environmental issue that I have chosen is the impact that invasive species have on the environment. The impact that invasive species have on the environment is vast, yet little is done about it. This issue is extremely important and will impact the world for generations to come. In this paper, I hope to learn about the effect they have on environment and what we can do about it.

First, this mainly due to the fact that O’ahu tree snails have unique colorful shells, and as a result, many people are removing these snails and using them for scientific studies or cases (Kay and Hadfield, 1972). In other words, the snails are being taken away from their natural habitat and kept in laboratories for scientific studies. However, most humans are not aware that they are disturbing their environment and having a negative impact on the overall population of Achatinella mustelina. Moreover, many shell collectors and nature enthusiast in the late 1800s and early 1900s collected these Achatinella mustelina because of their colorful, flamboyant and patterned shells which in return negatively impacted the number of these specimen (Hadfield 1986, Hadfield et al. 1993). For this, shell collectors and nature fanatics have to be aware and appreciative of the impact and effect that wildlife animals have on the environment as well as the ecosystem as a whole. In other words, when human forces disturb a species habitat or environment, they are negatively impacting the ecosystem thus increasing the extinction rate of endangered

Abstract: There is very little known about the Salt Marsh Harvest Mouse (SMHM). In 1970, SMHM was added to the endangered list, largely due to the fact their salt water habitats 84% gone. With the mouse being just under 3 inches in length, nocturnal, loving its dense cover protection, and the close resemblance to the Western Harvest Mouse, it makes field identification very difficult. Further research is needed not only into the population numbers of SMHM, but its habitat as well. Capture-recapture will be used to assess the SMHM population, where it will be measured, weighed, a patch of hair taken for re-identification, and released back into its habitat. Subplots will also be measured for the Pickleweed population using USFS protocol. Despite conservation efforts, there is a lot more that needs to be done to evaluate SMHM and its habitat to ensure its continued survival. The objective of this research proposal is to measure the SMHM population and its habitat, in order to evaluate the probability of its continued survival. The results of this research will be forwarded to the appropriate agency for further conservation efforts of SMHM in the San Francisco Bay.

This worm has other things it can eat as well. The one thing this worm loves to eat is the snail eggs it finds when it attaches itself to the bottom of the cabbage leaves and when it is searching for it's prey as well. Many scientists have said that the new guinea flatworm is one of the fifteen tenth largest dangerous and threatening invasion on the united states. They say it continues to grow even this year as well. It fact many people say that when it starts to develop the worms never stop growing and developing and continue to grow and grow and take over populations and specific areas in the united states. Many relationships with other species in the worm occur because the worm continues to invade state by state ,county by county or even area by area and it is causing problems everywhere. Another reason the specific species relationships happen is because the worms continue to have offspring and then they will continue to develop and develop. The next reason is the flatworm can carry a parasitic disease that infects rats and can be passed on to

The National Wildlife Institute has published “Conservation Under the Endangered Species Act: A Promise Broken”. Their critique of the Act includes questioning the programs undertaken as a result of the Act have played sufficient roles in the recovery of species that were delisted, as well as questioning the allocation of funding to programs intended to aid listed species.

In Wisconsin the only state-endangered mammal is the American Marten. There are many theories on why the Marten has been having a rough time being reintroduced into the northern woods of Wisconsin. One of the theories is the Martens competition with Fisher, they exhibit overlapping niches and have developed a competition of the struggles for resources. However, they do coexist in Canada in have kept stable populations. The Marten doesn’t only have to face competition to hinder its effort to be reintroduced to the land it also faces climate change hurting the way fishers survive and thrive during the winter.

One of such resources that are exploited by a human being is south Florida ecosystem in the Kissimmee-Okeechobee-Everglades ecosystem is water resource. Most of the water in the river the Kissimmee and Lake Okeechobee have been converted to the canal of agricultural water. As a result, ecosystem within the river and lake- terrestrial ecosystem was destroyed as some of the surrounding wetland were destroyed and this destruction had an impact on the survival of the ecosystems without sufficient flowing water to support it. The result of this destruction was the loss of 20,000 acres of the wetlands. Another exploitation that occurs in this ecosystem is clearing of forest for timbers used for construction and agricultural land (Kiker, C. F., Milon, J. W., & Hodges, A. W.

To achieve the full effect of managing for wildlife and timber, and individual must be very knowledgeable of both things. You must know how each species of wildlife is affected when harvesting timber in an area (Halterman, 1973). Wild turkeys have been known to use pine plantations that have been burned in the past 6 years, more than any forest type when nesting. These plantations are anywhere from 13 to 18 years old, with each of them being thinned at least one time (Smith, 1990). Studies in east-central Mississippi show that wild turkeys have almost doubled the home range area during the winter when compared to summer . Studies show that wild turkeys use pine plantations less during the winter and prefer

It is important to resolve taxonomic uncertainty of species in conservation programs as resources may be wasted on conserving populations of a common species, distinct species may be hybridized and undescribed threatened species may not be protected.

In Area 2, the species with the highest dominance value was the Oregon White Oak (70.6%). Oregon White Oaks provide shelter, housing, and food to various animals as well. Diversity of birds is often higher in Oregon White Oaks than in an adjacent coniferous forest. Using the dominance data, it tells us that at this moment in time Oregon Oak and

this is the European Cuckoo. In this case the grown cuckoo destroys one of the