Individuals and Their Discoveries Are Not Enough to Bring Medical Progress'. Explain How Far This Statement Applies to Jenner and His Work

The history of vaccinations begin with Edward Jenner, the country doctor from Gloucestershire who found, growing on cows, a nearly harmless virus the protected people from smallpox. Jenner’s vaccine was safer, more reliable, and more durable than variolation, and it is still the only vaccine to have eliminated its reason for being-in 1980, when the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the disease extinct. For nearly a century and a half, smallpox was the only vaccine routinely administered, and it saved millions of lives . But the controversy that marked the return of the vaccine, amid bioterrorism hysteria in 2002, was only the latest twist in the remarkable, mysterious life of vaccines.

In his passage from The Great Influenza, John Barry uses a variety of rhetorical strategies to characterize scientists and their research as pioneering and heroic.

Edward Jenner and the Discovery of Vaccines Edward Jenner (1749-1823) trained in London, under John Hunter, and was an army surgeon for a period of time. After that, he spent his whole career as a country doctor in his home county, Gloucestershire (West of England). His research was based on careful case studies and clinical observation more than a hundred years before scientists could explain what viruses and diseases actually were. His innovative new method was successful to such an extent that by 1840 the British government had banned alternative preventive treatments against smallpox. [IMAGE]

Despite the disappearance of the plague, smallpox still ran rampant throughout the world. The terrible disease continued to kill millions of Europeans every year. An inoculation created in the early 1700s was a somewhat successful solution and thousands of Europeans underwent the operation to engraft their skin with smallpox (Doc 2). However, new, more efficient solution came in the form of Edward Jenner, who created the first smallpox vaccine by collecting cowpox from an infected person and inserting it into another individual’s arm (Doc 6). Edward Jenner’s new vaccine was virtually harmless and was the most efficient vaccination to date. The smallpox vaccine eradicated the disease in Europe and eventually, the entire world. Smallpox was the last great disease that Europeans faced and its elimination allowed Europe’s population to grow and

Which one of the major achievements in public health identified in Bouldin, E. (2010) is especially interesting to you?

However, Jenner’s invention became a common practice only a few years after he released it to the public, and according to The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia, “By 1890 smallpox had virtually been eradicated from Britain.” (“Jenner, Edward (1749-1823)”) From the information about the first vaccination, we can see that vaccinations have been proven to eliminate deadly diseases, whether they receive opposition or not. Without immunizations, we would be overcome with diseases, such as smallpox, polio, and measles.

4. True or false? The application of the principle of nonmaleficence is not restricted to patient treatment.

When Dr. Jenner introduced the smallpox vaccine he was met with as much condemnation as he was with praise, “ministers thundered against tampering with the Lord’s grand design. The economist Thomas Malthus worried that vaccines would lead to dangerous population increases” (Oshinsky). After all the years, the arguments against Dr. Jenner’s work have become obsolete yet the crusade against vaccines still wages on wielding new arguments. The recent revival of the anti-vaccination movement came about during 1990s, “the movement…had less to do with fears of personal liberties being deprived than with claims of a link between vaccines and various afflictions, especially autism. It hardly mattered that study after study would refute this junk science” (Oshinsky). This controversy holds elements of morality, politics and ethical issues, but is not limited to those arguments. Elements of the destruction of personal liberties

One of the major health event happen in the 1800s is when Edward Jenner, a english doctor create vaccination to cure smallpox. Edward jenner was born in may 17 1749 and died on january 26 1823 at the age of 74 from a massive stroke. He have safe many life. Smallpox is a contagious viral disease. It cause fever and left scar. Before smallpox is being cure over 400,000 unlucky people die each year from it. SmallPox have been all over the place in the old days. It was first being seen in china in the 4th century.It being said that every 3 out of 10 people died from it and who ever survive will have scar left on them. He thought of the idea when he know a dairymaid who said “i shall never have smallpox for i have had cowpox. I shall never

He then breaks his argument down into several smaller sections. For starters, he outlines what he believes to be the common argument made by those who are in favor of medical paternalism. He presents five points that encompass that viewpoint.

By a “technological understanding” of ordinary and extraordinary care, Brannigan is referring to the shift from a more phenomenological definition to one founded on the technology available to treat the symptoms regardless to the state of the patient. Thus, an actual derivation of the best path for an individual patient is not considered because a specific technology already exists to fix the generalized health concern. Specifically, a technological understanding focuses on which treatment is the simplest, most standard, natural, and inexpensive. This is an issue because it eliminates the circumstances of the patient from the equation and relies solely on the technology to be utilized and has no moral relevancy. In comparison, the original

After he formed several hypotheses and experimented with them, he came across an article that explained how the use of a certain type of medicine which was used to treat a disease related to the one that he was investigating. He tried administrating the medicine to one of his patients, and observed

While Alder was practicing general medicine he discovered that his patients were complaining about specific organs, thus he came to theorize the thought by saying that individuals with an organ inferiority has effects on the mind and body (Engler, 2014). Organ inferiorities can lead to compensation or neurotic disorders.

Today most children in the United States live a much healthier life and parents live with much less anxiety due to vaccinations. More than 200 years ago, Edward Jenner conducted an experiment that would be one of the most astounding breakthroughs in medical history. Jenner noticed that milkmaids didn’t catch the smallpox, a disease rampant across the English countryside. He reasoned that the blisters on the milkmaid’s hand must contain something that was protective. He tested his theory by taking fluid from a blister on the wrist of a milkmaid and inoculating it into the arm of a local laborer’s son (Offit and

Her statement is a prime example of philosophy. The content of her testimonial consisted of many supported ideas and thoughts. Yet, at the same time, the statement