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Individuation In Willa Sibert Cather's Autumn Leaves

Better Essays

In his book of essays, Autumn Leaves, André Gide says, “Society knows perfectly well how to kill a man and has methods more subtle than death.” Society is what each individual aspires to exist within- they desire a sense of normality and mediocrity, conformity and equity- but they, themselves, are not always what it covets. Society worships the socially prevalent and preys upon socially awkward. This is explicitly evident in Willa Sibert Cather’s Paul’s Case, which is an introspective, heartbreaking story of a mentally troubled young man, whose community criticizes his mentality and denounces his passions, pressuring him into committing suicide as he realizes he is abhorred by this society which upholds such unattainable standards for him. …show more content…

In Jungian psychology, individuation is achieved when one overcomes his Shadow, which is the dark and primitive side of the unconscious. Desires of the Shadow can tempt an individual’s unconscious to capitulate, but the conscious always contends for itself. As ignorance towards one’s shadow is prolonged, the individual experiences mental, physical, and psychological consequences, although the instant one differentiates his Shadow and interprets how to eradicate it, he obtains individuation. Paul is inadept in attaining individuation because of the consistent external conflict between him and society. He is perpetually restrained by his shadow, and because of this, he acts as an observer in his life as opposed to an active participant of his society. Wherefore, he experiences brief lapses in existentialism, which is considered as “the nature of the human condition as a key philosophical problem” (Burnham and Papandreopoulos 1). This is palpable when the narrator says, “He had no desire to become an actor, any more than he had to become a musician. He felt no necessity to do any of these things; what he wanted was to see, to be in the atmosphere, float on the wave of it, to be carried out, blue league after blue league, away from everything” (Cather 3). He is not himself as he remains in this oppressive society. Likewise, concerning Jungian Psychology, Paul exhibits traits of an archetypical rebellious teenager. Society is accustomed with this type of archetype, and it knows explicitly how to ostracize this individual, which is precisely what it did to him. Paul could not, and did not, achieve individuation at this stage because of this antagonism between society and

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