Indonesia Water Environment Analysis

Indonesia is a rich country with its resources. Not only oil and gas, but Indonesia also had been a producer of mining and agricultural products such as rubber, tin, tea, coffee, spices and timber. In 2002, timber is one of the key export for “non-migas” (non oil and gas) commodities to provide foreign trades.

Indonesia has rules and lows just like every others countries in the world, here some of the low of the republic of Indonesia number 40 year 1999 about press by the grace of God almighty the president of the republic of Indonesia.

The main problems do seem to be on the surface but actually the problem that really big moral communities exist in Indonesia are so damaged. The humanitarian crisis that is very influential to the development of the Indonesia future now this fact impressed ruled out by the apparatus of Government. This would lead to its nation will be worse and is seen low by other Nations.

Economic system is a system of beliefs (concerning work, property and wealth), activities (extractions, production and distribution), organizations(business firms, labour unions), and relationships(ownership, management) that provide the goods and services consumed by the members of a society.(Cullen 2011, p.81) The economic system is unique in that Indonesia has a market-based economy in which the government plays a significant role. There are 141 state-owned enterprises, and the government administers prices on several basic goods, including fuel, rice, and electricity. Growth rebounded in 2010 to 6.1% and is forecast to have reached 6.2%-6.5% in 2011. Poverty and unemployment have also declined despite the global financial crisis, with the poverty rate falling to 12,5% (March 2011) from 13.3% a year earlier and the unemployment rate falling to 6.6% (February 2011) from 6.8% a year earlier. In December 2011, Fitch Ratings upgraded Indonesia’s sovereign debt rating to investment grade. . There are many potential infrastructure projects in multiple sectors including hydroelectric and solar power, palm oil, new roads including toll motorways, mining, expansion of broadband internet, and

Indonesia complained of their lack of autonomy In regions such as Maluku or other areas of Eastern Indonesia, “a low capacity for generating local revenue restricted the ability to adapt projects and development to local conditions” (Bertrand, 198).). The scanty amounts of funds were unable to support the poor and other problems. Bertrand states, “Faced with the New Order regime introduced mild reforms that were designed to address some technical issues while avoiding political decentralization” (Bertrand, 198). In 1995 the Minister of Home Affairs selected 26 districts were used to evaluate the measures designed to increase autonomy. They noticed an increase in Indonesia budget, but they still failed to support the poor, which resulted in

The word “Indonesia” has two Greek words and meaning in it. “Indos” means Indian and Nesos mean “Islands”. According to the Embassy of Indonesia, the whole country is made up of 17,508 islands. However, like the islands scattered everywhere, Indonesia seems to have a “messy” government. The government of Indonesia has started after decolonization from the Dutch, which is called the “Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia” starting from 1945. The structure of the Indonesian government seems very similar to the one of U.S. It has an executive, judicial, and and legislative branch. Just like the US government, Indonesia has political representation, bureaucratic organization, judicial system, and law enforcement. However, following the reforms of the government, the Indonesian government is not stable and is apprehensive in taking the government forward.

Indonesia had suffered from sporadic political and social disruptions and the economic crisis was increasing the unrest. Additionally, the local inflationary forces would continue to narrow its cost advantage. So Indonesia may be a worse choice than China. Among the choices, China has the most stable policy environment and good market

Increased prices of food, food shortages, and layoffs fueled the anger that Indonesians felt. Because of the few wealthy Chinese business owners, indigenous Indonesians felt that the Chinese people controlled the wealth in Indonesia. During these riots, business and homes owned by Chinese people were destroyed as well as a majority of Chinatown in the capital city of Jakarta. In addition to property damage, Chinese women were a target for brutal rapes and murders. (Turner, 2007) In 1966 as an attempt to bring peace to the country, “President Abdurrahman Wahid abolished the presidential decree 14/1967, which had legalized discrimination against the Chinese.”(Knorr, 2009) Excellent job

In the past thirty years, globalization and market openness lead world to a better stage of wealth, however, it is inevitable that without government intervention this prosperity is concentrated in the hands of the small elite. The uneven of wealth distribution or the gap between the rich and the poor called economic inequality. This essay will argue that the government of Indonesia needs to introduce some policies to reduce economic inequality because economic inequality has no benefit at all, Indonesia is a democratic country which aims to improve public welfare, and Indonesia, with the rest of the world, wants to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

There are many companies who are still skirting lax laws and regulations in Indonesia and finding the cheapest and easiest way to do business, which often having the activity of deforestation. (Indonesia forests still dwindle despite reforms,

Indonesia is too sudden to apply decentralized government, as the other state especially developing state need a transition phase to change their system from centralized regime to decentralized regime at that time. Owing to that, it enacts Indonesia immature in implementing the decentralization system. Therefore, the decentralization in Indonesia today is still unstructured and it gives lots of bad impacts to Indonesia. And decentralization which predicted can bring Indonesia become better is like a contradiction whereas it become a boomerang for Indonesia. As it enacts Indonesia not as good as expected or we can say Indonesia become worse than

In Bandung Indonesia, the water pollution is a very big deal, and so is the air pollution. The Citarum river is the most polluted river in the world. Covering an area of around 13,000 square kilometers, the river provides 80% of surface water to Jakarta’s water supply, 5% of water needed for irrigation of rice farms and to over 2,000 industrial factories in the area. It supports over 30 million residents for agricultural, domestic and personal use. The building of over 200 textile factories near the river has caused serious effects to the river’s health. A report has stated that factory waste in the river has affected 2300 acres of rice fields with heavy metal contamination, costing economic losses of over 866 million dollars over 20 years’ worth of pollution. The river has become very important as a source of water for 25 million people who are spread across nine counties and three cities in West Java they are Bandung Regency, Karawang, Purwakarta Regency, Cianjur, Bandung, Cimahi and Bekasi. It is also a water source for 15 million people who live along the riverbanks. The huge impact of this river is due to its vast watershed that reaches 6.614 kilometers square. By utilizing the river, about 420 thousand hectares of rice fields in West Java, especially in the coastal areas of the North, can be flowed by water through irrigation networks and reservoirs.

Religion is an important element in Indonesian society. Investors should note that more than 90% population of Indonesia is Muslim which means the business must not break the Muslim doctrines. However, individual purchasing power increased with the strong economic growth in the past decade. The lifestyle of the younger generation changed and easily adopts the western consumer culture, which reduced the entry cost for foreign investors. For example, the

Moreover, Indonesia will be dependence on declining US dollar. The positive impact of reducing Indonesia 's dependence on the US dollar, if the bilateral swap effectively and cost of fund in market. Then it will give a tremendous impact of changes in economic conditions that exist in Indonesia later. So, Indonesia will be able

A public hearing in 1997; talked about the worker’s condition in Indonesia (Herlina no date, p. Online) showed some findings that these conditions was resulted from lack of regulations and controls. Less