writers. Indonesian writers, particularly in the Engineering discipline, hardly utilise might for hedging. Might is assumed to signal greater degrees of uncertainty than may to express probability (Hyland 1998b: 118). Hence, a possible cause for the low number of might in the research articles is that the writers are reluctant to use device which greatly weakens their stance.
4.2.3. Verbs
The use of hedges in the form of verbs is less consistent than the modal verbs across the subcorpora. While the British engineers, British applied linguists and Indonesian applied linguists utilise verbs at a similar rate with respectively 343, 337, and 314 tokens, Indonesian engineers only use 189 hedging verbs in their articles.
Due to their similar
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Vassileva 2001; Hu & Cao 2011), accept more tentativeness in their research articles while Indonesian academics prefer to be more certain by assuming that the assertions have been exhaustively researched through the use of tend. The high frequency of tend in the articles in the L2 corpus, however, cannot be generalised without detailed observations. As can be seen in Figure 4.6., there is a case in which tend is used numerous times (18 occurrences) in one single text from the Applied Linguistics discipline, making the text appear judgemental. Figure 4.6. Hedge Overuse Case 1
There are also hedging verbs which frequencies seem to be affected by discipline differences. The obvious example is estimate, which is highly used in Engineering but infrequent in Applied Linguistics. Estimate is used to predict mostly numbers; example (13) suggests that the exact value cannot be stated.
(13) The study estimated an 11% potential for improvement on the performance of the newest kilns in use (BrEng01)
The frequent use of estimate is most likely because the Engineering discipline has the closer characteristics to hard science, which incorporates more quantitative studies relying on analysis of numerical data (Becher and Trowler 2001: 36).
Hurricanes, earthquakes, war, riots, death, and economic problems. Haiti has experienced it all. Through the novel Krik? Krak! Edwidge Danticat shares stories of Haitians experiencing tragedy. She expresses how Haitians can find hope even in suffering. Danticat uses the motifs of generations and children to convey the idea that Haitians can discover hope even when experiencing pain and hardship.
Hedging is a significant measure of financial risk management. Since the 1970s, the increasing number of powerful companies started to control the risk of the exchange rate, the interest rate and commodity by using financial derivatives. ISDA (2013) based on the Global 500 Annual Report 2012 survey found that 88 percent of companies use foreign exchange derivatives. Modigliani & Miller (1958) believed that if the financial markets were under perfect conditions, for instance, there was no agency costs, asymmetric information, taxes and transaction costs, hedging would not increase the company 's value because investors can hedge by themselves. However, a large number of practical studies have shown that hedging is beneficial
The language in history books are highly objective as "one man's "stalk" is another's "walk""; bias also plays a part as certain details are omitted
Thomas C. Foster, in his novel, How to Read Literature Like a Professor, gives many examples of sex being shown symbolically in literature. He imparts in the reader an idea that sex is everywhere in a typical novel, and that many details in a work-- most details, even-- are representative of sex: “Tall buildings? Male sexuality. Rolling landscapes? Female sexuality. Stairs? Sexual intercourse. Falling down stairs? Oh my” (Foster 136). And, yes-- sex is truly everywhere in The Handmaid’s Tale. The importance of sex in the dystopian society known as “Gilead” is huge; sex is what the entire Gileadian regime is based around-- reproduction, more specifically. Symbols of fertility
The author describes the purpose for masking sex scenes in literature is to make it a more symbolic event. Simply describing two people taking part in intercourse does not reveal as much as “hidden” intercourse. The author states that coded sex scenes are “more intense than literal depictions.” This may be due to the fact that the words needed to describe the event taking place would be the most intense words. The scene needs to have the same air and effect that intercourse does. Writers take ordinary everyday events and intensifies them in order to get to the intimate level of intercourse. Literal intercourse in literature does not have the same effect as coded intercourse because everyone expects the intercourse as it already is describing.
Tsumetai, a captain from 1000 years ago had travled through time to stop Sasuke Kokolia, a very powerful adversary known to have created a device capable of interfereing with Space-Time.
The historical novel Segu by Maryse Condé is set in the African country of Segu during a time of great cultural change. The African Slave Trade, the spread of Islam, and personal identity challenges were all tremendous and far-reaching issues facing Africa from the late 1700s to early 1800s. Condé uses the four brothers of the Traore family, Tiekoro, Malobali, Siga, and Naba, to demonstrate the impact that the issues of Islam, slave trade, and identity had on African people through the development of each character. The oldest of the sons, Tiekoro exemplifies the influence and spread of Islam through out Africa at the time.
For millions of immigrants, America has been seen as the land of opportunity where anyone could become anything he or she wanted to be. A family that believes strongly in the American dream can be found in Amy Tan’s short story, “Two Kinds.” The story centers around the daughter of a Chinese immigrant who desperately wants her daughter to become successful. In the story, the author shows the difficult lives immigrants face when moving to a new culture. In this short story, the theme shows the protagonist’s conflict with her mother on the type of daughter her mother wants her to be. The author establishes the theme of how difficult mother-daughter relationships can be through characterization, setting, and symbolism.
auxiliary verbs. Also, at the beginning of a clause, particularly in written or more formal styles of English.
4. For 2008, Aget is contemplating adding two new dry-process kilns for an investment of 10.7 million €. That investment is expected to increase current capacity by 18%.
Literature is an imitation of societal values and is thus a reflection of the human experience of a time period. Written works emphasize the elements of culture, by means of characters, particular events, setting and theme, specific to the time period in which it was composed. Furthermore, literature mirrors the troubles or hardships of society and projects the core values that define said society. Thus, as culture has changed over time, literature has remained a critical facet in representing time periods of the past. Essentially, the culture of a time period is manifested through writing in the projection of society’s values, symbolism of the center of community and literature itself.
Most firms hedge at least some of their risks. Hedging can take two basic forms—namely, natural hedging and hedging by means of derivative instruments. The use of derivatives as hedges has expanded greatly in recent years.
Mr. Julian who owns and manages a small company called Bentley Customs Ceramics Julian over a last four year manufacturing different ceramics items wants to expand his business. Over a year, he had used electric kilns but having observed that was less cost effective, he is planning to use gas kilns.
Specialists in descriptive grammar (linguists) examine the principles and patterns that underlie the use of words, phrases, clauses, and sentences. In contrast, prescriptive
The results of the analysis suggest that English native speakers use a greater number of singular self-mention in linguistics research articles than scholars affiliated with Ukrainian universities, who avoid using them completely and rely on plural forms. This confirms the previous findings that primarily plural self-mention is employed in academic writing in Slavic languages (Vassileva, 1998), and that academic texts in English by native speakers show the greatest use of singular forms in comparison to other languages (Flottum, 2005; Molino, 2010; Vassileva, 1998; Wu & Zhu, 2014; Yakhontova, 2002; 2006). It can be assumed that, in American academic culture, scholars tend to establish their presence in the articles and show that research has been carried out exclusively by them and that the method and interpretations of findings are based on their own judgement. This way they might acknowledge the fact that although research should be an objective presentation of reality, it is still subjective because it is interpreted and documented by a researcher. In addition, since Americans are representatives of an individualistic culture, they might be willing to identify their personal contributions to the discourse.