Induction Chemotherapy

Scenario: John is a 4 year-old boy who was admitted for chemotherapy following diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).  He had a white blood cell count of 250,000.  Clinical presentation included loss of appetite, easily bruised, gum bleeding, and fatigue.  Physical examination revealed marked splenomegaly, pale skin color, temperature of 102°F, and upper abdomen tenderness along with nonspecific arthralgia.

DK is a 51-year old male patient presenting with Acute Myeloid Leukemia AML. Two weeks ago while vacationing in Ocean City with his family, DK visited the local hospital with the symptoms of swollen leg, difficulty walking, pain, and fever. Bloodwork was performed at the local clinic and revealed anemia and low cell counts indicating possible leukemia. Patient returned to Baltimore and was admitted to Johns Hopkins Hospital 1 week ago. His current symptoms are swelling of lower legs, fever, low blood Oxygen level, anemia.

Some of traditional drugs may be effective in patients whose cancers have a specific molecular target, and not for other patients. To solve this problem of patient-specificity, pharmaceutical research have seen the expansion of individually tailored cancer treatment, which is an application of targeted therapy, and this is where biopharmaceuticals are. As an increasing part of the population is diagnosed with cancer and as these patients live longer, increasing care will be given to patients who have received these drugs. Moreover, in the case of cancer therapy, those drugs and especially with mABs are a promise of less side effects : recombinant DNA technology makes it possible to genetically engineer an antibody to reduce the risk of host immune response.

Many doctors, physicians, researchers and biotech companies--including the revolutionary Seattle Genetics research facility--are now turning to antibody-assisted cancer treatments and precisely targeted cures instead of treating cancer with a cocktail of chemicals and radiation that generate risky side effects and damage the healthy tissue that patients need to recover. Cancers are among the most frightening and difficult-to-treat illnesses. Ranked as the leading cause of death and disability, cancer is actually an umbrella term that covers many different diseases. Each person faces a unique disease because cancers interact with the body's existing cells, so each case has a

AMG 925 is an effective and orally bioavailable dual inhibitor of FLT3 and CDK4. AMG 925 inhibits the proliferation of a batch of human tumor cell lines including Colo205 (Rb+) and U937 (FLT3WT) cells. AMG 925 also induced apoptosis in FLT3 mutant AML cells, including MOLM13 (FLT3ITD) and MOLM13 (FLT3ITD, D835Y)

Chemotherapy drugs work by targeting the cells that divide and grow rapidly throughout the whole body. A downside of this is the fact some good cells are killed off as well as the cancerous ones. Cells that make up hair, skin, some intestine cells, and bone marrow are killed as well causing some of the harsh side effects of chemotherapy ("Chemotherapy: How It Works and How You'll Feel"). Blood cells are other examples of healthy cells that are damaged in chemotherapy treatment. White blood cells are the cells that help protect the body from infections. Too low of a white blood cell count is called neutropenia which is very common with patients who undergo chemotherapy treatment. Patients who are neutropenic do not have enough white blood cells meaning they are susceptible to easily contracting infections. Other blood cells that are impacted in a negative way are the red blood cells and platelets ("What is Chemotherapy?”). A patient will receive chemotherapy treatment in cycles, or treatment periods. A patient will receive chemo one or more days consecutively. Since chemo drugs kills cancerous and good cells, it is important for the patient to rest to allow those good cells to reproduce ("How Chemo Works"). Chemo drugs can be administered in various ways like injections, IV infusions, orally, topically, intra-arterially, or intraperitoneally. Sometimes cancer patients can receive a

Docetaxel (XT) sold as Taxotere or Docecad, is a settled threatening to mitotic chemotherapy pharmaceutical that works by intruding with cell division. Docetaxel is affirmed by the FDA for treatment of secretly advanced or metastatic chest infection, head and neck development, gastric tumor, hormone-adamant prostate danger and non small cell lung disease. It works by preventing the disease cells from isolating into 2 new cells, so it obstructs the development of tumor. Docetaxel ties to microtubules reversibly with high fondness and has a greatest stoichiometry of one mole docetaxel per mole tubulin in microtubules. Docetaxel can be used as a lone administrator or in mix with other chemotherapeutic pharmaceuticals as shown depending upon

Most chemotherapy drugs are given as a course of up to ten sessions (cycles) of treatment. This will depend on the type of drug you are having. At each treatment session you will be given the chemotherapy drug through a drip (infusion). This involves running a liquid containing the drug through a fine tube (cannula) into a vein in your arm. This allows the drug to enter the bloodstream and travel throughout the body.

Stem cell transplant combined with chemotherapy in high doses is a form of treatment, which gives a human body infected with multiple myeloma a chance at remission, which will last a longer time than other remissions. High doses of chemotherapy are very effective in killing the multiple myeloma cells. However, a side effect of chemotherapy is the destruction of hematopoetic stem cells. Stem cell transplant is to replace these cells, which are very important in the human body. There are two types of stem cell transplants. Allogenic stem cell transplant and autogous stem cell transplant is advisable for patients who chose to undergo this form of treatment to have their stem cells harvested prior to the treatment. This will ensure that after the destruction of the hematopoetic stem cells due to the chemotherapy, the patient has available stem cells that doctors transplant into their body when the need arises. Chemotherapy comes with some side effects some severe and others minor. The slight side effects are nausea and vomiting. The worst-case scenario side effects are organ damage (Jones,

Advances in MDS therapy will derive from molecular precision and identification of potential druggable targets for the disease. In 2005, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and during 2008, The International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) were designed as large-scale projects to improve understanding of cancer associated recurrent somatic mutations. In AML, robust prognostic relevant mutations were reported with mutational subgroups frequently observed in MDS suggesting similar ability to detect a significant impact on MDS outcome. Seven subgroups including activating signaling, DNA methylation, chromatin modifiers, spliceosome, myeloid transcription factors, tumor suppressor genes, and less commonly observed mutations including cohesin complex, BCOR, and BCORL1 (Fig.3). In this section, we will describe frequency, prognostic and functional implication of

Chemotherapy is given in cycles a treatment period followed by a recovery period, then another treatment period and so on. The drug enters the blood stream and destroys leukemia cells throughout the body. However, they cannot reach the brain and spinal cord, because of a protective network of blood vessels that keep foreign substances from entering the central nervous system. In certain cases doctors need to inject the drug directly into the fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. (Health a to z, 20)

Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia is a scary disease. The term “acute” means the disease can quickly spread and progress quickly and can prove fatal in months if left untreated. “Lymphocytic” simply means that it develops from immature forms of lymphocytes. Also known as Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, or ALL for short, it is a type of cancer that starts from the early form of white blood cells called lymphocytes in the bone marrow. ALL is the most common form of cancer in children, though adults can get it as well. For children, treatment results in a good chance of a cure. Adults have a significantly smaller chance of a cure with ALL. ALL generally invades the blood very quickly and has the potential to spread to other body parts such as the spleen,

China had a GDP per capita level similar to Zambia, less than half of the Asian average and was lower than two-thirds of the African average at the outset of the reforms in 1978 (Eckart, 2016). China was poor. Since then, China has grown exponentially experiencing nearly 10% GDP grown per year until 2014 raising GDP from 155 current US Dollars in 1978 to 7,590 US Dollars in 2014 (Eckart, 2016). China, who accounts for 18% of the world’s population, was able to lift 800 million people out of poverty and growth in the middle class. This document will examine China’s financial and currency markets.

Treating an individual with respect and doing right by that person is considered beneficence. According to the Belmont Report, showing an individual that there is a sense of responsibility and not cause any harm to them if they are involved in any research. When an individual is involved in any type of research the person should not harm regardless of the reward. In understanding the beneficence principle a professional is obligated to ensure that the person they are treating is safe and no harm in any way. This principle is notice in the ethical principles of the medical profession. The profession should support to protect their patients and ensure they not receive any harm. Thus, when offering services to a patient the profession

There are many different type of cancers, there are also many different types of treatments. One of the most known types of treatments would be chemotherapy. Chemotherapy can be used for a wide range of different types of cancers and diseases, and each of the different types of cancers or diseases require a different group, and sometimes order, of chemicals to properly treat the cancer or disease. These chemicals include: Alkylating agents, Antimetabolites, Anthracyclines, Topoisomerase inhibitors, mitotic inhibitors, corticosteroids, and more. Each of these drugs previously listed have its own cancer type(s) or disease(s) that it can assist in treating. Some of these cancers include: Leukemia, Lymphoma, Hodgkin disease, multiple