Induction Chemotherapy

Leukemia most common treatments are: Chemotherapy, Radiation therapy, and Bone marrow transplantation, and then there is also Biological therapy. In chemotherapy, patients take one or more anticancer drugs by mouth or, intravenously through IV therapy. In some cases, doctors need to inject the drugs directly into the fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. Chemo can cause side effects, like losing your hair, nausea, fatigue, or easy bruising, depending on the drug. The side effects usually go away progressively between treatments or after treatments stop.

There are many different type of cancers, there are also many different types of treatments. One of the most known types of treatments would be chemotherapy. Chemotherapy can be used for a wide range of different types of cancers and diseases, and each of the different types of cancers or diseases require a different group, and sometimes order, of chemicals to properly treat the cancer or disease. These chemicals include: Alkylating agents, Antimetabolites, Anthracyclines, Topoisomerase inhibitors, mitotic inhibitors, corticosteroids, and more. Each of these drugs previously listed have its own cancer type(s) or disease(s) that it can assist in treating. Some of these cancers include: Leukemia, Lymphoma, Hodgkin disease, multiple

Recent studies have demonstrated that relapse is associated with the acquisitions of identifiable mutations that were not present before therapy (Estey 2000). Whereas some of these patients have achieved very long remissions with non transplantation therapies, the only consistently curative therapy for relapsed AML is allogenic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT).

The four main categories leukemia: acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Acute leukemia is a disease which progresses rapidly producing underdeveloped cells. Due to their state, the produced cells are unable to perform their normal functions in the body. On the contrary, chronic leukemia is a disease with a slow progress and a high percentage of patient’s cells are mature. Therefore, these mature cells are able to function normally in the body. Cancerous change in the case of lymphoblastic leukemia starts in a marrow cell which produces lymphocytes whereas, in the case of myeloid leukemia, thechange caused by cancer starts in a marrow cell which produces red blood cells, platelets, and some types of white blood

Leukemia broadly describes conditions that affect erythropoiesis in the bone marrow, lymphatic system, and spleen. As with all other cancers, leukemia begins from the mutation of DNA in certain cells. Classifications of leukemias are based on the age of onset and the leukocyte involved (Lewis et al. 2014, 665). The most common leukemia is chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), accounting for approximately 30% of cases in the United States (Copstead and Banasik 2013, 222). The normal function of the bone marrow, spleen, and liver becomes interrupted by the invasion of malignant lymphocytes (B cells); since the B cells are functionally inactive, a patient becomes more susceptible to infections. The sluggish progression of CLL unfortunately leads to late diagnoses and poor prognosis (Lewis et al. 2014, 665). Patients that become symptomatic in later stages will experience fatigue, weight loss, anorexia, and an increased susceptibility to infection, due to abnormal antibody production. Patient specific factors such as age, disease progression, and medication side effects will determine the course of treatment (Copstead and Banasik 2013, 223). The fragile state of patients with CLL requires continuous examination of drug therapy and interventions to prevent further complications.

Picture yourself at a check-up appointment with your oncologist. You are told the chemotherapy is not responding. You feel weaker each day. You cannot see straight, you feel dizzy, and you pray that you will find a match for a bone marrow transplant. This is the reality that AML patients face. AML poses the greatest risk to cancer survivors who develop this disease following treatment for a previous cancer—for these patients, it is the next hurdle in their lives (Cancer Research UK). When chemotherapy does not work and bone marrow transplant matches cannot be found, patients realize that they do not have much time left in this world. New treatments are desperately needed for AML, but many just assume that donating money to the American

Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia is a scary disease. The term “acute” means the disease can quickly spread and progress quickly and can prove fatal in months if left untreated. “Lymphocytic” simply means that it develops from immature forms of lymphocytes. Also known as Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, or ALL for short, it is a type of cancer that starts from the early form of white blood cells called lymphocytes in the bone marrow. ALL is the most common form of cancer in children, though adults can get it as well. For children, treatment results in a good chance of a cure. Adults have a significantly smaller chance of a cure with ALL. ALL generally invades the blood very quickly and has the potential to spread to other body parts such as the spleen,

Most chemotherapy drugs are given as a course of up to ten sessions (cycles) of treatment. This will depend on the type of drug you are having. At each treatment session you will be given the chemotherapy drug through a drip (infusion). This involves running a liquid containing the drug through a fine tube (cannula) into a vein in your arm. This allows the drug to enter the bloodstream and travel throughout the body.

Over the last decade, medicine has acknowledged the psychosocial impact of cancer treatments on patients, to the point that it has become a subject of psycho-medical research. Chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA) is a physical condition that can have profound psychosocial consequences, leading to a negative body image, lowered self-esteem, and a reduced sense of well-being. Patients, women who fear alopecia in particular, may sometimes refuse or select another treatment that lower the risk of baldness. In her testimony, Lori, a breast cancer patient, expresses a common feeling for women with cancer: “The worst part of this entire experience [cancer], is losing my hair [….] The chemotherapy would be so much easier if I had my own hair. I appreciate

Many humans in the world suffer from cancer. This disease has caused many people to lose their life or even their loved one’s life. Researchers have done many studies to try and tackle this deadly infection, but everything they have tried has either caused cancer to progress or come

Cancer is a deadly disease that has affected millions of people and their families, including mine. Most of my grandparents have had cancer, and they have all been treated differently. It interests me to see what they have been through. One of the main ways to treat cancer is chemotherapy. There are many types of chemotherapy and side effects of chemotherapy.

According to the National Cancer Institute by 2002 and other cancer organizations, there are about 250000 to 400000 people who receive chemotherapy each year. Health care professionals know the side effects that the chemotherapy cause and they understand the benefits that they offer. They prevent, detect, diagnose, control, and treat the cancer by minimizing the psychological impacts of the disease and its treatment, and to improve the patients’ quality of life.

Many of the clinical signs and symptoms of AML are the result from displacement or interference of dysfunction, immature cells with the normal differentiated blood cells. As explained earlier, in AML, myeloblast are most often not able to differentiate into mature differentiated cells. Even though in some cases they do differentiate, they will more likely differentiate into immature differentiated cells. These immature cells, also called blasts, do not have the ability as the normal cells do. With no ability to function, many of them were just floating in the circulation and died and destroyed at the end of their life span. The rest of the myeloblast that are not able to differentiate are just building up in the place where it is produce, the bone marrow. In either scenario, the circulating normal differentiated cells components, like erythrocytes, monocytes, granulocytes, and megakaryocytes are deficient. This is a condition called pancytopenia.

In 2010, Elshamy, El-Hadidi, El-Roby, & Fouda have completed a study to determine the health hazards exposed to chemotherapy drugs among nurses, identify potential risk factors that may predispose nurses to chemotherapy hazards; and evaluate the availability and us of protective measures in clinical practice. Based on the research, abortions, infertility, premature labor, and developmental and behavioral abnormalities among the children of the nurses are the most common adverse effects of chemotherapy to the nurses administering chemotherapy. Soft tissue injuries were also reported from spills and splashes. Urine samples of the nurses were mutagenic which could cause genetic changes to their off springs. Furthermore, the study stated that risky

     Another option is Bone Marrow Transplantation. In many cases of acute leukemia and cml, doctors give high doses of chemotherapy and radiation, when indicated to destroy all of the patient’s bone marrow, since it is not functioning correctly. Then they give the patient healthy bone marrow from the donor, whose tissue it the same or almost the same as theirs; ideally an identical twin or a sibling. They also might give bone marrow that was removed from the patient earlier and especially treated to remove any leukemia cells. Patients who have a bone marrow transplant bone marrow begins to produce enough