Industrial And Agricultural Wastes : A Heterogeneous Mix Of Cement, Water And Aggregates Essay

The basic principle to remember is that concrete is a sloppy God-awful mess when we first look at it but then we turn it into something wonderful. We take the sloppy mud like concoction and

First, concrete durable. Concrete is something that will outlive other products up to three times over (“What Makes…”). In addition to durability, concrete is efficient. Concrete can be made with byproducts from power plants, and other aspects of manufacturing. Concrete is primarily made up limestone, the most abundant material on Earth. Above all of this concrete can be recycled. Concrete can be crushed and recycled into another structure or product, reducing the need to mine the limestone for production. Concrete also allows water to pass through which reduces the chance of flash flooding, erosion, and water table depletion as compared to other materials. This is a major check in the sustainability of concrete; the conservation of soil, landscape and ecosystems. Concrete is a very green option when it comes to building

What is concrete. According to Concrete Network (1999) “Concrete is made up of three basic components: water, aggregate (rock, sand, or gravel) and cement. Cement, usually in powder form, acts as a binding agent when mixed with water and aggregates. This combination, or concrete mix, will be poured and harden into the durable material with which we are all familiar”. The Roman's did it a little

Concrete is used for many different things in daily life, although is often taken for granted. Concrete has a very deep history that leads us up to the modern day concrete and variations of. Most people will turn a blind eye, but at one point in history concrete was a stellar invention that had many different purposes and uses and still does today.

In order to discuss concrete; one must first mention cement. Cement is a water-based binder used to bind other building materials together. It is used in the production of mortar and concrete during the construction process. Concrete is a material used in construction, made by mixing aggregate, cement, small stones and water. Cement is important because it hold structures together. Many sources states concrete was invented 1756 by a British Engineer named John Smeaton. He did so by mixing pebbles as a coarse aggregate into a powdered brick into the cement. Years layer in 1824, a English inventor named Mr Joseph Aspdin created the first true artificial cement by burning ground limestone and clay together. He is also noted for creating today’s popular concrete; Portland cement. Many buildings use concrete because of its strong element. It solidifies then hardens after mixing with water and placement due to the chemical process known as hydration. Water reacts with the cement, which bonds the other components together, eventually creating a stone-like material. Concrete is used to make pavements, pipe, various structures, foundations, roads, bridges, brick walls and so on. It is either produced site-cast or pre-cast. Site-cast Concrete is standard concrete that is poured into site-specific forms and cured on site; the concrete is created on the actually construction site. Precast concrete is a construction

Aggregate is one of the basic constituents of concrete. Its quality is of considerable importance because about three-quarter of the volume of concrete is occupied by aggregates. One of the physical properties of aggregate that influence the property of concrete is the grading of aggregate. The grading of aggregate defines the proportions of particles of different size in the aggregate. The grading of fine (size < 5 mm) and coarse (size > 5 mm) aggregates are generally required to be within the limits specified in BS 882: 1992.

Concrete is a important product that is used in the construction of building and infrastructures. A concrete has to have strength, durability and quality to make a strong and stable infrastructure. This study will tell us does ACC concrete mix is a very good product in the market. Does it pose a strong contender to its competitors in the current market and does the brand image of ACC ltd. plays any role in purchasing of its products.

The recycled aggregates can undergo some processing procedures and adaptation to the desired characteristics. Some of these processes are: homogenisation, crushing and screening and autogenous cleaning. The homogenisation process Material aims to standardise and remove waste materials such as wood, steel, plastics, among others. Initially, construction waste and demolition are separated by the predominant color: gray or red. It is then performed quartering, where the material is distributed in different layers along a plastic and from the middle section, they are divided into several sections entitled cells. The material is then sent to a crusher where grinding occurs (Kwan, Ramli, Kam and Sulieman, 2012).

The concretes must be made in some samples before it is tested. This process will give impact on the result of the research. In this research, the concrete will use drying curing system where the concrete will be put in the oven for 24 hours with the heat of 〖80〗^o C.

Aggregate constitutes the granular part in bituminous concrete mixtures which contributes up to 90-95 % of the mixture weight and contributes to most of the load bearing & strength characteristics of the mixture. Hence, the quality and physical properties of the aggregates should be controlled to ensure a good pavement. The properties that aggregates should have to be used in pavement are shown below.

Once is considered waste, it will be an unusable burden which needs to be dumped in landfills. Additionally, creating landfills for this volume of waste is not possible and can harm the environment with the highest costs. It is worth mentioning that amount of spoil which we need to deal with each year is more than the total amount of municipal and demolition construction waste, which may cause a rapid development of landfills. In the last 20 years, some studies have been done on the responsible handling of the excavated material, with a careful investigation of the previous studies some shortages in the handling of the material have been identified which need to be addressed.

This research work focus on Compressive strength, flexural strength and Bond strength of Conventional Concrete (CC) and Class C fly ash blended concrete incorporation with Natural Admixture. Broiler hen egg was used as Natural admixture (NAD) to study the effect of NAD on strength properties. The Class C fly ash was replaced to cement at various levels and NAD was replaced to liquid and identified the optimum replacement level of Class C fly ash and optimum dosage of NAD by maintaining the constant liquid contant 0.55 to achived M20 grade concrete. The compressive strength, flexural strength and bond strength of concrete for both CC and FA concrete. The studies reval that the optimum replacement of Class C fly ash is 25% and optimum dosage of NAD is 0.25% based on strength results.

Concrete is known as a construction material which is widely used throughout the entire world. According to the research, concrete contains Portland cement and it is an essential element to concrete (Naik and Moriconi, 2010). This essential element is capable of releasing carbon dioxide significantly. As carbon dioxide is known to be a green house gas, hence it can be said that this type of concrete is damaging the environment. In order to save the environment a new technology is made by which eco – friendly concrete can be made. Such concretes are made of the concrete wastes that are known to be eco – friendly; therefore, the concrete is also eco – friendly. This type of concrete is also known as green

There are many different types of solid waste classified according to a variety of criteria, from source to potential hazard. The most basic classifications typically used in solid waste management are municipal solid waste (which includes most of the waste produced by regular and ongoing human activities, including many industrial and institutional waste by products) and non-municipal waste, which includes specific types of industrial waste and certain other non-classified and non-municipal waste products (IDEM, 2001; Sasikumar & Krishna, 2009). A reuse classification is also sometimes used to refer to any waste, regardless of the source, that can be used in the construction of landfills and does not otherwise need to be treated and disposed of in a manner similar to other types of solid waste (IDEM, 2001). Virtually all activities that take place on a significant scale produce some type of solid waste, as an examination of further classification of waste types clearly shows.

Abstract- This study concerns the investigation of concrete produced by partial replacement of cement with corn cob ash (CCA). Corn cob ash was obtained and used to replace cement partially in specified ratios of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. Concrete cubes were cast and cured in ages of 7, 14 and 28 days respectively. While concrete beams were cast and cured for 28 days. Compressive strength test was carried out on the cubes and the flexural strength on beam. The results showed that the concrete strength decreased with increasing replacement with the corn cob ash (CCA). The 28 days compressive strength for 5% replacement was 28.78N/mm2, 10% replacement was 26.22N/mm2, 15 % replacement was 22.33N/mm2, 20% replacement was 20.27N/mm2 and 25% replacement was 17.33N/mm2 respectively while its flexural strength for same age for 5% replacement was 9.98N/mm2, 10% replacement was 8.58N/mm2, 15% replacement was 7.82N/mm2, 20% replacement was 6.56N/mm2 and 25% replacement was 5.72N/mm2. The initial and final setting time of OPC-CCA at 10% replacement was observed to be 168minutes and 305minutes respectively. The density of OPC-CCA was also observed to decrease with increasing CCA replacement. The 28 day density for 10% CCA replacement for