Industrial Revolution Imagine a country side, the rolling hills, and small cottages that scatter

From around 1750 to 1900 Britain went through major changes or transformation in industry, agriculture and transportation that affected everybody’s lives. For some it generally improved their lives, however not all were so lucky. The industrial revolution brought with it many changes good for some and bad for others.

The Industrial Revolution began in Britain during the late 1700s. It took place during the 18th and 19th centuries. Document 3 displays the look of the environment at the beginning of this shift in society. It is filled with smoky chimneys. Machines and factories led to great productions, such as new systems of transportation, more efficient communication, banking systems, a variety of manufactured goods, and an overall improvement of living. Britain was the perfect place for the Industrial Revolution to begin due to its coal and iron. Factories became a necessity because of the increase in demand for British goods (Staff, 2009). Before the Industrial Revolution, transportation consisted of wagons, led by horses. “In the early 1800s, American Robert Fulton built the first commercially successful steamboat” (Staff, 2009). Along

Since the beginning of man, the human race has gone through many changes throughout history. One of the most significant and critical changes was the Industrial Revolution of Great Britain. Characterized by the development of new manufacturing processes, the Industrial Revolution was a period between the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries that spurred extensive changes in almost every aspect of society. These changes stimulated a major transformation in the way of life and created a modern urban society based on industrial manufacturing and not agricultural production. The Industrial Revolution debuted in England because of changes in the textile industry and agriculture leading to a more stable economic platform, an ever-increasing demand for coal, and international success in the trading market, resulting in the development and improvement of daily

The Industrial Revolution was a revolution in every sense of the word, as it altered almost every aspect of live in the nineteenth century including technology, government, communication, environment and eventually society as a whole.1 Although industrialisation created many positives for modern society, for people in Britain up to the end of the nineteenth century it had many significantly negative consequences. With the long term advances made for society came the then current development of overcrowding cities abundant with pollution, health problems and poor living conditions for the working class. These poor conditions continued into the work place with young children exploited as workers as young as the age of four or five.2 There were consequences of the Industrial Revolution for people outside of the core of Britain. India, being the periphery in the model were exploited for their raw materials which were exported to Britain.

During the Antebellum era there were a large number of advancements in transportation technology, such as railroads being placed all over the United States. There was also the building of numerous bridges and canals, and the development of the steamboat. During the pre-civil war period there was a huge expansion of railroads all over the country According to the web site quizlet, “From 1833 to 1850 the amount of railroad tracks increased from 136 miles to 9,000 miles” (http://quizlet.com). The first steam engine was built in 1804 by Richard Trevithick. The steam engine that was most commonly used on rail ways was that built by George Stephenson. According to Mary Bellis the author of The History of Railroad Innovations, “Stephenson's locomotive pulled six loaded coal cars and 21 passenger cars with 450 passengers over 9 miles in about one hour” (http://inventors.about.com). The growth of railroad use was a huge advancement in technology, because it helped transport people and goods to

In the 18th and 19th centuries, the industrial revolution was at its way, gaining many economic and technological advances but the price of hardship forced onto the workers and children during this time was paid. During this time period rural societies transformed into urban/industrial ones and a shift from working at home to factories and mass production with machinery. Many different advancements including the iron and textile industries, and also the invention of the steam engine helped pave the way of the revolution. Industrialization brought an increase of manufactured goods and also helped pave the way to our world as we know it today. As all these things were great, the industrialization significantly and truly lowered the living conditions

Railroads found their beginning with the Industrial Revolution, which lasted from about 1760 to 1830. The need for a large scale method of transportation was

Another great invention of transportation during this time was the train. America’s first train was invented by George Stephenson in 1822, and by 1825 the train was the first locomotive. Obviously everything at this time was made by hand, and every part of this engine had to be hammered into shape just like a horseshoe. John Thorswall, a coalmine blacksmith, was George’s assistant. The invention of George was very important in America because it allowed transportation from place to place in a quicker time. This boosted the economy by helping distribute many goods all around the country. Even letters were being delivered faster, so communication was increasing.

My steamboat voyage to Albany and back, has turned out rather more favorable than I had calculated. The distance from New York to Albany is one hundred and fifty miles; I ran it up in thirty-two hours, and down in thirty. I had a light breeze against me the whole way, both going and coming, and the voyage has been performed wholly by, the power of the steam engine. I overtook many sloops and schooners beating to windward and parted with them as if they had been at anchor. The power of propelling boats by steam is now fully proved.”- Robert Fulton. The steamboat, a nineteenth-century invention by Robert Fulton, gave a path to more efficient water travel, which aroused an increase in productivity and economic growth due to mainly the high speeds of the steamboat that lead to economic as well as social effects on society.

In addition with the invention of the steam engine came the steam locomotive. As the development of steam engines progressed through the 18th century, various attempts were made to apply them to road and railway us. In 1812 Matthew Murray was the first to build a successful steam locomotive, and it hauled 27 carts of around 95 tonnes at 3 mph. Accompanied with this came Richard Trevithick’s 40 psi steam locomotive, The Penydarren Locomotive, “the world's first ever railway journey that ran 9 miles from the ironworks at Penydarren to the Merthyr-Cardiff Canal, South Wales.” This creation lead to many more innovations, which will lead to speedy land travel for goods and products.

The Industrial Revolution started advancing in the mid-18th century after many sought new and more efficient methods of production to accomplish the needs of society . The Industrial Revolution brought with it an array of changes: an increase in population, the rise of new building typologies, redistributions of wealth and fluctuations of living conditions. The Industrial Revolution broke out in England with most of the important technological innovations being British ; with the application of reliable steam power to enhance productivity in machinery this fueled the ability to transport goods worldwide. Industrialism marked a major turning point in history with almost every aspect of daily life being influenced, in particular how Britain

Next introduced were steamboats. Shipping by steamboats was cheaper and faster. If one used a wagon, there was the cost of lifting the cargo off the ground and keeping it there as well as the cost of moving the vehicle forward. A water vessel had the advantage of only having the cost of moving forward because the water lifted the cargo. The shallow draft steamboat, however, could carry large amounts of cargo even against the flow of a river. Robert Fulton's Clermont proved the practicality of steamboats in 1807. The Enterprise was introduced by Henry Shreve in 1814 and proved to be the answer to transportation across shallow western waters. By 1820, there were 60 steamboats on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers and countless others elsewhere.

The growth of the Industrial Revolution depended on the ability to transport goods and products over long distances. The first way of transportation to develop was a network of roads and turnpikes, which helped connected the urban areas of the eastern coast. New York was the state that invested on 4000 miles of roads and turnpikes by 1820 (Keene, Cornell, & O’Donnell, 2013.) The first national road that was build connected Cumberland, Maryland, and at what is now West Virginia, and by 1930s this national road stretched as far west as Ohio. Also, Lancaster turnpike connected Pennsylvania with Philadelphia and Pittsburgh. The improved roads and turnpikes shortened the travel time, so made the transportation of products and goods cheaper and faster,

What was transportation like during the Second Industrial Revolution? In the Second Industrial Revolution the United States said goodbye to horse and carriages and said hello to oil and electric powered vehicles. When electricity took over as the main energy source transportation boomed. The first internal combustion engine was built in 1860. With the cities getting bigger electricity helped when creating trams. Trams were used in the cities to transport people to and from their desired destination. Britain also took advantage of new energy sources by building an underground railroad in 1863 that was also powered by electricity. By 1908 Henry Ford planned an assembly line to produce a large number of cars. During this time the car industry

With Abraham Darby’s discovery of an efficient way to smelt iron with coal to form a new burning product called coke, it allowed factories to keep running without destroying England’s forests. The invention of the steam engine by Thomas Newcomen and James Watt allowed more technological advancements for the revolution. The canal and railroad system also lead the way to the booming industrial revolution. With all these new advances in technology it created a demand for workers in the factories and not in agriculture.