Infant Habituation And Temperament

Chapter 4 discussed the emotional development developed in the first two years of infants and how it deals with the social world. Infants show different emotions according to their ages. Newborn infants are happy and relaxed when fed and they cry when they are hungry or hurt. About 6 weeks they start to express happiness through the social smile. The different emotions developed through different stages. I remember some of my childhood memories. When I was 6 years old, I started to learn riding motorcycle but one day I felt down and was badly injured. After that, I was scared to ride a motorcycle. This shows that fear is developed inside me. In addition, in the same age, whenever I was alone, I always act as doctor and used to make my Barbie

Secondly, temperaments are behavioral profiles that are measureable and testable in a child’s early childhood as children are born with their natural style of interacting and reacting to people and the environment. However, it is not something that a child chooses from birth, it is rather shaped by a child’s experiences and responses. Often parents need to accept their child’s traits and adjust themselves to educate them. There are three constellations of temperament characteristic which are “easy”, children that are typically adaptable, “difficult”, children that tend to be intense and “slow-to-warm-up”, and children that are easily upset by change (Thomas & Chess, 1950). Children with different temperament .By identifying the proper discipline techniques, traits that are present from birth can be molded to continue to influence growth in essential ways throughout life.

Emotion regulation involves intrinsic and extrinsic processing of monitoring and modifying emotional reactions in both positive or negative situations (Martins, 2012). In order for individuals to have the ability to regulate emotions, they must beware of their emotions. Although infants are unaware and lack the ability to regulate their emotions, it then becomes the role of a primary carer to nurture the infant, thus acting as a model for regulating emotions. Evidently, infants grow to reflect the ways in which their carers control and modify their emotions as well as social boundaries. Furthermore, emotion regulation is considered an important aspect of an individuals life as it 'can moderate emotions and keep them in a manageable range

At 6 weeks infants develop a social smile, at 3 month laughter and curiosity develop, at 4 months full responsive smiles emerge, from 4-8 months they develop anger, from 9014 months they develop a fear of social events, at 12 months the are fearful of unexpected sights and sounds, and at 18 months they are self-aware, feel pride, shame, and embarrassment. In the first two years, infants develop from reactive pain and pleasure to complex patterns of social awareness. Emotions in infants are produced from their body as opposed to their thoughts. Therefore fast and uncensored reactions are common in infants. During their toddler years, the strength of their emotions will increase.

Parenting and attachment styles influence the temperament during infancy and toddler years. Parenting styles are strategies and techniques that parents use during child rearing. Attachment refers to a secure emotional connection, such as a union among a mother and child. Temperament is the nature of an individual in which affects behavior. Parenting and attachment work hand in hand with influencing the temperament of the child. Three types of children are form upon identifying the characteristics of their behavior; the easy child, the difficult child and the slow-to-warm-up child (Berk, 2010). The easy child embrace new experiences and form consistent schedules. The difficult child is challenged by new experiences and often display negative reactions. The slow-to-warm-up child shy away from routine and gradually envelope new experiences. These characteristics of the child ultimately express their social-emotional development, which is influenced by their initial interaction with parents and caregivers. In example, the easy child’s parents provides high levels of trust, encouraging the infant with feeling secure. In return, the child feels as though the world is trustworthy, making is easier to face new experiences. This dictates the behavior they express toward others. Parenting and forms of attachment play an essential role in both the temperament and social-emotional development of the child. Furthermore, an analysis of the affects that authoritative and permissive

Temperament is defined as the individual behavioral style of the child, the way in which he characteristically reacts to environmental stimuli. Temperament is distinct from the child’s innate abilities and motivation. Their are nine temperament traits; activity being the first which is based on the level of motor component in a child’s functioning, rated as regular,variable, or irregular. I would rate myself as moderate. I prefer to be independent; I rather do a task myself so that I don't have to watch someone else do it. I also don't like to be confined I prefer to explore the areas and things that surround me. Rhythmicity being the second temperament trait is all about the regularity or predictability in the timing of recurrent activities, rated as regular,variable, or irregular. Regular best describes me because I stick to a routine everyday and if it is changed I have a very hard time dealing with it. I eat the same thing everyday and at the same time everyday. I wake up every morning at the same time, but I fall asleep at different times depending on what I did that day. And lastly I have a difficult time adjusting to different time zones whenever I go away on vacation. The Approach/Withdrawal is the third temperament it is about the nature of a child's response to a new stimulus, rated as approach, variable, or withdrawal. Withdrawing child best fits me; it takes me awhile to warm up to new things, I'm cautious with new people, things and places. I prefer to surround

Using a mechanical toy paradigm, researchers in Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, London, UK, observed the reactions of children ages fourteen to nineteen months whose mother experienced stressful life events. There results reveal there is a positive correlation between the number of mother’s stressful events experienced and the Laboratory Temperament Assessment Battery (Lab-TAB), with prenatal stress independently accounting for 10% of observed variance in fearfulness between stress exposed and non-exposed infants (Bergman, Sarkar, O’Connor, Modi, & Glover, 2007). Although other factors such as postnatal life events and prenatal smoking influence the temperament of the infant, prenatal stress ultimately plays a partial role in altering the temperament of the child. Thus, stress does help increase vulnerability to fear in infants that is prevented with a stress-free environment. In addition to a correlation between stress and altered temperaments in infants, there is a relationship between infant behaviors and the parents’ behavior towards the child that shapes the child later in life. A troublesome, fearful baby is harder to care for than an easy-going bright child. Therefore, the parent’s stress postnatally continues to create a tense environment in which the child survives. Additionally, other studies analyze the impact of PNMS in children’s behavior past

Describe developmental milestones from birth to 36 months articulating the influences of individual development, temperament and cultural norms.

Evaluation of Research Into Factors that Influence the Development of Attachments in Humans During First Year of Life

A newborn has a lot to adapt to, thank goodness they are aided by caregivers to help them grow to be autonomous to their external world. There are three major tasks an infant needs to achieve before progressing in their development which are to orientate themselves into the external world, to form a capacity for self-regulation, and to establish a secure relationship. These tasks can be classified as the foundation for future development (Davies, 2011). Like any stage of development, there are a multitude of observational items to assess to ensure a child’s mental state. For an infant, the parent’s history, pregnancy, birthing process, the physical autonomy of the child, developmental milestones, temperament, and attachment should be addressed in observation.

First of all, what are emotions? Emotions includes feelings, physiological correlates (heart rate and brain wave activity), cognition that conduces physiological changes, and actions that follow the desire to communicate needs or avoid harmful. I believe that infants have emotions because after watching the video I can say that infants create a relationship with their parents or caregivers that help them to identify the emotional stage of the baby with the cues that the infant is giving at a particular time. That’s why is very crucial for parents and caregivers to keep an excellent emotional education, patient and good humor with infants so they can distinguish what they are feeling. The primary facial expressions of babies at birth are expressions

Habituation is applied in discovering the perceptual systems which indicates that children advance earlier in developing perception compared to the acquiring the idea of the permanence of objects. Vision, hearing, smell and taste, language, touch, and pain are the early infant sensorimotor perceptual improvement in the infants’ mental growth. Motor development, required for the child to create relationships between vision, touch and

4. Irritable, fussy behavior in young baby depends how much attentions parents provide to the baby. Newborns babies “tend to cried from one to eleven minutes per hour, for an average of about two hours per day”(Brook, p.211). If you are a parent and your baby is crying, and you don’t go see what is going on, then you baby is going to continue crying and crying and instead of two hours per day it would turn to four hours because you are not sensible to you child need. But if you are the type of parent, that when the baby cries, go running to see what is going on, then you baby will develop a sense of security everytime they see you because they would start to understand that everytime they need something, the parent will be there. Infants behavior

their significant other in the military they may feel lonely desiring to have their child with them by their side in bed to not feel alone. It is not healthy to force a child to stay with you because of your needs. The child needs to learn to fall asleep in their own bed as they get older unless they are crying in distress. It is ok to help the situation but if you leave and infant alone in a room crying painfully it is not ok. “Imagine being in an extreme panic attack but your best friend locks you in your room alone while saying, “Never mind, you’ll be fine”--how would that affect the trust you have for that friend? Your relationship will be forever changed. Babies, of course, don’t understand any of this but feel deep panic and will shut

Psychosocial: I now have an 18 months old son. He is very active and enjoys being outdoors. At 18 months, I find it fascinating to see his reaction when there are minor changes on his routine. For example, he wakes up every morning to eat breakfast before I leave for work. Very rarely I ask the sitter to feed him when I have to be at the office a little early. When that occurs, my baby throws temper tantrums, cries all day, refuses to take a nap and struggles to fall asleep at night.