Infanticide Evolved As A Mating Strategy Fore Males

By this, the babies are closer to their mom, avoiding predators hence increases their chances of survival.

According to Annie Murphy Paul’s research (2011), one of the first things babies learn before they are born are the sounds of their surroundings, and most important, the sound of their mother’s voice—her voice is the clearest to the baby so it is the most soothing and calming. Babies also learn smells and tastes in utero, once the olfactory receptors and taste buds are developed. This teaches the baby what is and is not safe to consume. Overall, babies learn about the culture they are going to enter—they learn their mother’s accent and the variety of food available.

Reproductive monogamy is defined as an exclusive sexual relationship between a female and a male based on their sexual interactions. Social Monogamy refers to male and female’s social living arrangement without sexual interactions. It refers to the living patterns, raising offsprings, and obtaining food. Monogamy is common in birds, but also occurs in invertebrates. Why would a male mammal choose to mate with one female when he can mate with more than one? Why would the male stay around instead of finding another female to live with? Many researchers have attempted to answer this question of why some mammals prefer monogamy over polygamy. Vole rats, one of the species that perform monogamous mating, demonstrate pair boding. Male and female pairs of vole rats have been observed together over several months, and the males stay with females even when the female is not reproductively active. A typical vole family in the wild is almost always consisted of one male, one female, and their offspring. In addition, unlike other species in which females are the only ones taking care of the offspring, vole rats share parental roles and even build nests together. Because they show these monogamous behaviors, they have served as a good species/model to learn about monogamy for neuroscientists. In this paper, monogamy, specifically in vole rats, will be explained along with its proximate and ultimate causes of this adaptation.

Going back to the toast at Frida and Diego’s wedding, marriage was stated to be a political act that occurred in the name of tradition. Monogamy is also enforced by culture, economics, social factors and it is the normal thing to do (Robinson). As we saw in the movie, Frida’s mother was highly opposed to her marriage to Diego because he had been divorced twice already and because he was a Communist; her fear was that he would not be good to Frida. Even in society today, when a man and woman are not monogamous, they are frowned upon or referred to in derogatory terms. Research shows that promiscuity raised the likelihood of reproduction and survival, but monogamy worked where there was a low female to male ratio, limiting men’s options (Borreli, Are Humans Naturally Monogamous?).

He demonstrates that in monogamous species male testosterone levels should only rise above the baseline breading level in response to social challenges, such as male-male aggression or threats to status. Since we are a monogamous species we can predict that male testosterone levels would rise sharply in response to such challenges. Therefore if a testosterone surge is expected to be found when males are challenge then we can expect a consequent increase in aggression, provided the threat is deemed relevant to reproductive competition (a dispute over women). Since this study is based on all monogamous species as a whole, one could question whether or not it can be extrapolated to the human race, as we would be comparing ourselves to animals like monkeys, when we know that we are more superior to them. However it does show that monogamous males are more likely to act aggressively when facing a threat to their reproduction, this aggression seems to be coming from the increase of testosterone which happens because of the confrontation. Another problem with this hypothesis is that in modern day some men aren’t always monogamous, especially younger men, so if this theory were true single men would have no reason to become aggressive, which Lindman proves wrong with his study, therefore the theory is outdated and no longer applies to most men.

Mate choice is a product of mate preferences form in the environment of evolutionary adaptiveness (EEA). Sexual selection suggests that females prefer males who they can gain benefits from such as gifts. This is shown in male birds who make nests for females in order to mate with them and also in insects who give nuptial gifts.

A key element in the life of any individual is to be able to reproduce. Nonhuman primates number only 250 species but display great diversity in grouping patterns. We call some of these types of groupings a one male polygyny or monogamy. However, the main focus today is that these primates have evolved different strategies, behavioral and ecological, to cop with the need to balance limited food supplies while avoiding predators with intensions of mating and or harming their offspring. It has been assumed that in order for male primates to reach mating success, they must have to take on the task of always being present to the female and her offspring’s. I believe that I will argue that monogamy and one male polygyny are different yet both

When discussing female long-term mating strategies, it has been identified that there are certain preferences in which a female desire from a mate (Buss, 2008). Preferences include, a preference for economic resources, a preference for industriousness and ambition, a preference for a good physical appearance and health, and also a preference for dependability and stability. Females prefer someone they can invest in and someone that is willing to invest in them also. And they also desire a mate that can physically protect them and their children and that is both healthy and displays compatibility. There are preconditions as too why these preferences have evolved, such as the idea that resources have been made more defensible and accruable and are more controlled by men, and the idea that men would have to be different between each other in their willingness to somewhat invest their resources in both women and their children. Belsky et al (1991) discovered that some men would rather invest in many women rather than one women and their children as this would mean them

An example of the monogamous system is gibbons. Monogamous system consists of one male and one female join to rear at least a single brood. There is little opportunity to form relationship besides the one with the mate, so

Michael Kelly, a name that is attached to credible publishers such as: The Washington Post and the National Journal, was a columnist and editor known for his spill on controversial topics. As a dig to his career, “Dialogues” fails to properly spell his name correctly, adding an extra ‘e’. Nevertheless, when he saw an article released by a notable name in 1997, he couldn’t let his legacy die. Line after line, he ripped apart the very foundation that Steven Pinker tried to build in his essay, “Why They Kill Their Newborns,” which is an article favoring infanticide, or the act of killing a newborn. Kelly considers many of Pinker’s claims, ultimately providing evidence to why it might be wrong, by his standards. In his response piece, he deems

Males and females differ considerably in how much they each invest in order to make offspring and a result of this, they approach mating with different methods. Researchers and scientists learn and examine these varying mating systems to explain how males and females pair up. A mating system explains the techniques males and females use to pair up when selecting a mate. It is important to begin by reviewing and understanding the reproductive strategies among primates. The major types of mating systems found in primates are monogamy and polygamy. Monogamy is a practice of mating in which one male pairs with one female. Polygamy also known as bisexual, is a pattern of mating in which a male mates with more than one female and a female mates with more than one male (Wong , 2010). Polygamy is then clarified into polygyny and polyandry. Polygyny is when one male mates with multiple females. Polyandry is when one female mates with multiple males. Recognizing the diversity of mating systems will help in understanding the interactive relationship of sexual size dimorphism and behavior in primates.

Genocide is an ancient old crime.Genocides in prehistory were often organised not just to eliminate enemy ethnicities, but to integrate and exploit their representatives. It was children and women who were spared the killings. They were seen as the group least able to retaliate, and as parents of offspring for the central group.By contrast, males were often killed. The roots of gender-cideagainst men and boys are

Part of the evolutionary explanation is Trivers’ parental investment theory which argues that the origin of behavioural differences between men and women lies in the different ways of achieving reproductive success. Trivers

The first few chapters discuss in depth both the general rules for mate selection and the differences in mate selection and varying preferences for male and female genders. As explained in the intro the author theorizes that the current behavior of humans in relation to mating behavior can be linked to our evolutionary past. He references Charles Darwin 's theory of evolution and his idea of natural selection, which is the the process through which organisms adapt to their environment and in doing so tend to

According to a study undertaken by Lewis and Brown (2004), men have an innate preference to be in a relationship with women who are less dominant and conform more to traditional gender roles. This is believed to stem from early human history, where men wished to ensure their genes were carried forward to the next generation. One way to ensure this would have been to find a woman who is less dominant and therefore easier to have influence over. The female offspring from such a union would also have a better chance of ensuring submissive women for future generations (Lewis & Brown, 2004).