Infants

When the baby is about 3-6 months old they are able to recognise similar faces this could be of family such as parents, uncles, aunts, siblings or hospital staff for example doctor, nurse or midwife. They are also starting to develop wariness of strangers and parents for example in this situation they might start to cry whilst being picked up by their mums friend where as when they’re picked up by their mum they are absolutely fine it shows how attached the baby can be to their mother there is no one more important to them except their mummy and daddy. The face of the child will brighten up when a familiar carer turns up.

Saxe identifies this group as preverbal babies. By studying the behaviors of these infants, psychologists are able determine that basic instinct that humans share. These babies, aged between four and twelve months, are much too young to be influenced by the institution around them. The infants are also too young to communicate their thought processes, so psychologists analyze the only responses these infants can communicate, looking and crawling. In the experiment involving these preverbal infants, babies were shown videos of one man being “nice” to a girl while another was “mean” to the girl.

How do we know infants can see at birth? They can’t tell us. For this we depend on clues such as eye movement, light sensitivity and the appearance of the eye. Though an infant 's vision is present at birth the strength of their vision is far from mature. However, vision develops rapidly in infants, going from only being able to focus on images 4 to 30 inches away to a rapid ability to see details and shape (Berger, 2014). By 3 months these same infants with immature ability can see patterns color and motion. Surveys and medical research are regularly used to develop a better understanding of infant development.

In both articles, infants’ gazes are crucial to the experiments conducted. Whether reacting to disappearing objects in Baillargeon's article or identifying with someone of the same skin color as said in Spelke and Kinzler’s article.

Gazing plays a central role in the social and cognitive development of a child. It is documented that from the age of 3 months, a child will begin to develop perceptual learning. An example of this hypothesis was tested with an actor holding a stuffed kitten in front a 1 year old. The 1 year old stared at the kitten longer, therefore the infant’s desire for what the actor was holding caused the infant to interpret the actor’s behavior as

This essay will talk about face recognition and several reasons why it has been studied separately. The ability to recognise faces is of huge significance of people’s daily life and differs in important ways from other forms of object recognition (Bruce and Young, 1986). Than this essay will talk about the processes involved in face recognition which comes from the diversity of research about familiar and unfamiliar faces-it includes behavioural studies, studies on brain-damaged patients, and neuroimaging studies. Finally, it will discuss how face recognition differs from the recognition of other object by involving more holistic or configuration processing and different areas of the brain (Eysenck & Keane, 2005).

For each laboratory visit both the mother and father, in contrasting order, participated in the Still-Face Paradigm (SFP; Tronick, Als, Adamson, Wise, & Brazelton, 1978). The SFP consisted of three 90s intervals. The first interval the mother or father played and interacted with the child as they normally would, this was then followed by a period where the parents were instructed to stop

One important finding is that touch is an important part of parenting. A child must be touched to develop properly. Harlow concluded this during his first experiment of the rhesus monkeys and whether they would choose between the soft non-milk bearing mannequin or the cold milk bearing mannequin. He identified it as contact comfort and concluded that it is an important component of love. Another important finding on human behavior is that the mothers face must remain the same. Harlow discovered this during another experiment with baby monkeys where he gave the mannequin a realistic face. The baby monkey started off with just a faceless mannequin and was then given the prettier mannequin. The baby became afraid of the prettier mannequin and would not come forward to it till the face was changed back to the faceless one. A third important finding is that it is not only touch which makes up love; it is also motion and play. Harlow discovered this after his first round of baby monkeys had grown up and were put together to play. The monkeys behaved violently, so Harlow began to experiment with other baby monkeys to see if they would behave the same way if motion and play were added to their upbringing. The monkeys which were exposed to all three variables, touch, motion, and play, all behaved normally. Harlow’s research provided humans with many important finding about human

However, when the sample population was exposed to up to three different faces exemplars different from their races, the effect of being able to recognize only face disappeared. Bar-Haim et., al(2006) says “it is important to examine whether young infants show an actual preference, rather than a processing advantage, for member of their own race”. The conclusion is that it is not necessarily always the case that infants prefer their own races but that this may a result of “processing advantage” which occurs as a result of more exposure to own race. The similarity in these two conclusions by Sangrigoli et., al (2004b) and Haim et., al (2006) is that if indeed infants are exposed significantly to races other than theirs, their own race preference or recognition will be less pronounced.

Face recognition develops slowly through life. Recognizing a face can be a difficult for the individual and also for the brain system that processes. The complexity of recognizing individual faces can be a difficult task at times. Recognizing faces also includes looking at an individual’s emotional expression and then, being able to take that information and processing it. This can be more complicated because facial recognition also includes the processing of emotions and emotional content. The brain can easily recognize a face without encountering any complications.

Functioning of the right hemisphere undergo major developmental changes within the first two years of life when infants begin to recognize the importance of faces in their lives and to regulate their emotional attachments for those people. These emotional attachments are beneficial to infant development because it allows the parent (or caregiver) to understand their child’s needs, and it also promotes an increase of self regulation.

There is much debate on the subject of experience in regards to face processing. Some say that experience is wholly important in face processing while others say that face processing is innate and will develop without experience. It has been argued both that face processing is a perceptual process organized at birth and that it originates in a more general process that becomes specialized due to experience of different faces (Sugita, 2009). It may be that there is an innate

Recognizing a face is a starting point when interacting socially, as it is the most important stimuli we see. The face portrays information about a person’s identity, their emotional state and where they are directing their visual attention. To be able to process this information within a very short space of time is crucial in social interactions and probably dates back to our ancestor’s survival. The human brain is very adept in processing an abundance of information in a simple yet effortless way. These processes require such specific brain areas to do this. This essay is going to discuss what psychological information is available from the early stages of face processing. The essay will discuss the neuroscience and the regions of

Developmental Prosopagnosia is when an individual can’t acquire the certain processes for facial recognition. More recent neurocognitive models of face processing also distinguish between face recognition processes involved in the visual analysis of faces, and those involved in facial familiarity (Dalyrmple, Garrido & Duchaine, 2014). In understanding Prosopagnosia, one must first understand the

A total of 219 Swedish participants willingly participated in the study, in which 111 viewed 60 faces of Bangladeshi children and adults, and the others viewed Swedish faces. Projectors connected to PCs were used to project faces to the participants.