Inflammatory Response Paper

Being ambushed by an abrasion on our skin whether it be a pimple, a scar, or something with greater depth such as malignant melanoma can cause quite the adrenaline rush. Diseases of the integumentary system are just as life threating but can be even more mind boggling than a disease occurring internally. For a person to actually see the change in their skin while taking steps to cure it on their own with home remedies and skin care treatments just to find out that the disease is beyond just a simple “break-out” or rash can cause other problems such as stress and insecurity. The integumentary system fights as a barrier to protect the skin and also excrete waste, diseases sometimes hinder this system from doing its main job; which is defending

The main outcome measures were the percent area of the wound compared to baseline area of the wound. As the wound decreased in size it is theoretically assumed that the wound is healing. The central concepts of the study were based on ultraviolet-C positive effects on wound healing in vitro. In vitro studies effects include; modification of growth factors, fibronectin release from fibroblast, epidermal cell proliferation, killing of pathogens, accelerated DNA synthesis, and antibiotic-resistant organisms.

The immune systems helps the body fight off the other parts of our bodies and harmful substances such as disease, infection or bacteria. Some strategies for ensuring a healthy immune system are: don’t smoke, move your body which mean exercise regularly, eat diet food such as fruit and vegetable, get a good night sleep and maintain your healthy weight. These strategies are a good way to start giving your immune system the upper hand.

The skin is the largest organ of the body, and consists of two layers the dermis and epidermis. The skin acts as a protective barrier against microbes and the elements; it also helps regulate body temperature, and permits the sensations of touch, heat, and cold. However, the skin can be compromised by injury, a burn is an injury that occurs to the flesh or skin, and can be caused by heat, electricity, chemicals, friction, or radiation. Burns vary in their severity from minor partial-thickness superficial burns to full thickness third and fourth degree burns. For the purpose of this paper I will be focusing on major burns (e.g. full thickness third and fourth degree burns).

The main outcome measures were the percent area of the wound compared to baseline area of the wound. As the wound decreased in size it is theoretically assumed that the wound is healing. The central concepts of the study were based on ultraviolet-C positive effects on wound healing in vitro. In vitro studies effects include; modification of growth factors, fibronectin release from fibroblast, epidermal cell proliferation, killing of pathogens, accelerated DNA synthesis, and antibiotic-resistant organisms.

Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental condition that has unclear etiology. Current research indicates that the condition is caused by numerous causes, including genetic predisposition and environmental factors. Genetics is indicated as the etiology for many individuals who develop the condition. However more research is indicated in order to understand how environmental factors contribute to the development of schizophrenia. Specifically, how factors such as infection influence the developing brain and whether or not an individual’s immune response adversely affects neurodevelopment.

The skin is one of the body’s largest and multifunctional organ. Depending on body size and mass it can weigh between 7 to 22 pounds (1). The skin’s roles are: protection from microbes and harmful substances, thermoregulation and sensation receptiveness of touch, heat and cold. The skin consists of three layers: the epidermis, dermis and the hypodermis. The outermost layer of skin, the epidermis, provides a waterproof barrier and consists of melanocytes. Melanocytes produce and store the pigment melanin which creates skin tone. Underneath the epidermis is the dermis; it contains tough connective tissue, hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis has an arrangement of nerve fibers and blood vessels. Blood vessels carry nutrients and oxygen to the cells of the dermis and the epidermis, which are avascular (2). The

Fish undergoing internal or external challenges to their state of health mount a vigorous response including activation of both the innate and acquired immune system [1]. The innate immune system which covers those aspects of the host defense mechanisms not dependent on specific response, not only stimulate leukocyte activity but also affects many aspects of the host metabolic processes including immunological response to inflammatory stimuli by activation of phagocytes, and by altered levels of plasma proteins (AAPs). These changes in the plasma proteins have drawn attention to the importance of the innate immune response in fish. Acute phase proteins (APPs) are a large group of biochemically and functionally unrelated proteins whose plasma

Neutrophils start with the critical task of destroying and removing bacteria, foreign particles and any remaining damaged tissue. This phagocytic activity is crucial as bacterial imbalance within acute wounds causes the wound to stop healing. Neutrophils are attracted to the site of injury within 24 – 36 hours by pro-inflammatory cytokines including TGF- β. Neutrophils are one of the most abundant cells of the immune system and they are extremely active during the repair of cutaneous wounds. In general, the antimicrobial

The Skin or integumentary system is the largest organ in the human body. Its main purpose and or function is to shield the entire body from the outer environment. Without the presence of the integument, our bodies would be completely vulnerable to various factors such as temperature change, mechanical damage, chemical destruction, and bacterial disturbance. Analyzing and understanding the skin’s structure and various functions will help us find ways to properly maintain this crucial organ protecting our bodies.

comparing the body’s organs, none is more easily exposed to disease, infection and injury than the skin. Understanding a burn injury requires much more recognition of the skin anatomy and physiology. Structurally, the skin consists of two principle parts. The superficial, thinner portion, which is composed of epithelial tissue, called the dermis. Deep to the dermis is a subcutaneous layer called the hypodermis, consisting of areolar and adipose tissues. Fibers from the dermis extend into the subcutaneous layer and connects the skin to it. This layer, in turn, attaches to underlying tissues and organs. The skin serves several functions, the first being regulation of body temperature. It also plays a vital role in protection, acting as a physical

The molecules released in this time cause vascular dilation and smooth muscle contraction that can be observed in the ‘wheal and flare’ response. The wheal and flare response is the name given to the reaction of the skin following an allergic response. The ‘wheal’ describes the inflamed, raised area and the ‘flare’ referring to the portion of red skin surrounding the wheal. The primary molecules released in the immediate hypersensitivity reaction are proteases and histamines (vasoactive amines) as well as lipid

A critical function of inflammation is to deliver neutrophils to the site of insult so the initiation of leukocyte activation can occur. The migration of neutrophils from the intravascular to extravascular space requires a

The human skin is the largest organ within the human body (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3535073/). The surface of the skin is formed by cross-linked cell envelopes and specialized lipid molecules creating the structure of the epidermis (NCBI). The human skin is slightly acidic (pH 5-6) which is beneficial for resident flora (Lambers). The human skin acts as a barrier which is one of the first lines of defense against harmful microbes, most commonly specialized immune cells help to fight off invasive organisms. (NIH). Levels of specific microbes can fluctuate a great deal up and down but normally stay relatively constant due to the competition with other organisms on/in the skin (Ppt).

An understanding of the structure of the integumentary system will assist in understanding how burn injuries affect the entire human body. The skin preforms anatomical and physiological functions which are essential to life. Damage to this system has the potential to cause irreversible chain reactions and wide spread systemic collapse that can lead to death. DermNet NZ (2006)