Influenza Vaccine Analysis

Influenza is an infectious illness that can be spread from one individual to the next. It can be transmitted by means of saliva, nasal secretions, feces and blood. It can also be spread by coming in contact with the virus on contaminated surfaces. Influenza is responsible for an average of 36,000 deaths and for more than 226,000 hospitalizations each year in the United States. (Davidson, 2007-2009, Davis, 2007).

When people see or hear advertisements, whether it be in a magazine or on television, many do not stop to consider or analyze the techniques that go into making the advertisement effective. For instance, the Center for Disease Control has a campaign that has the purpose of promoting the influenza vaccination. If you examine the campaign closely, it becomes clear that the advertising campaign targets a diverse audience of all ages, genders, and races who could all benefit from getting an influenza vaccination. In this advertisement campaign, the Center for Disease Control effectively promotes the benefits of getting an influenza vaccination to a targeted audience using numerous persuasive techniques such as association and universal appeal.

Have you ever been in pain to where you feel like your whole body is aching along with a headache? Then, oddly your body temperature changes. One minute your hot then the next you're cold. Some people even have scratchy throats and a mild cough. Well all of these are signs that you might be coming down with the flu. This harsh and dreadful symptoms can be prevented by simply getting an influenza vaccination. To promote people getting the vaccine the government makes several ads a year to raise awareness to encourage people to make the responsible decision by getting the vaccination.

The CDC's ad campaign promoting influenza vaccinations has a widespread appeal to many audiences due to its use of several proven persuasive techniques. Through the use of association, flattery, and universal appeal, as well as a variety of strategies, the ad campaign is highly convincing and is able to reach many audiences.

Every fall season we hear the question; did you get your flu shot yet? It is supposed to protect you from that nasty flu virus that circulates our communities during the fall and winter months. But, did you know that in 2011 the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Adverse Event Reporting Systems Website (AERS) reported 51 deaths caused by the flu vaccine in the United States (U.S.) (CDC,2012). According to National Vaccine Information Center (NVIC), as of July 2012 there have been more than 84,000 reports of adverse reactions, 1000 vaccine related deaths and over 1600 cases of Guillain- Barre syndrome, a acute form of paralysis, triggered by the vaccine (NVIC.ORG).

Last year, only twenty-six percent of eighteen to forty-nine year olds got the flu shot (Singh, 2014). With an average of 200,000 people hospitalized annually due to flu-related symptoms, these low vaccination rates are generating serious health risks among young adults all over the country (National Consumers League, 2013). This winter, at Duke University Medical Center in Durham, N.C., the average age of people hospitalized with influenza was 28.5 years old, and of those that ended up in the Intensive Care Unit of the hospital, only two of the twenty-two had received the flu vaccination (Singh, 2014). The primary reason that young adults do not get the influenza vaccination is that they believe that they are invincible and influenza is not a serious illness (Singh, 2014). One in five Americans who do not receive the influenza vaccination claims that influenza is not a serious illness (National Consumers League, 2013). Of the Americans who do not get vaccinated, forty-five percent cited their good health as a rationale for bypassing vaccination (National Consumers League, 2013). This may be partly due to the targeted measures by the Center for Disease Control (CDC) to increase vaccination rates among children and the elderly. In comparison to the twenty-six percent of young adults that were vaccinated, 56.6% of children (ages six months to seventeen years old) and 66.2% of seniors (ages 65 and older) were vaccinated. When targeted measures are used, they work. The problem

Based on the information provided by the CDC and other agencies, as well as data gathered first hand through interaction within communities, public health nurses can advocate for the use of influenza vaccinations by elderly populations. While providing education related to preventive methods and the importance of vaccination, as well as administering vaccinations, public health nurses are key participants in the epidemiological process of seasonal influenza related to the elderly population. In

To answer my research question I will first review literature on flu vaccines from conventional sources such as the Center for Disease Control and National Institute for Health. I will then review other material available on the Internet written by doctors that do not agree with the conventional

I can easily say that I agree with this article and that I am 100% pro flu shot. With my history as a pharmacy technician I did find myself being able to successfuly convincing some of our patients to receive their flu shots during their visits to the pharmacy. Through working their I learned a lot about how the influenza virus can impact our well being. I did find it suprising that the University of Chicago was able to accuratley predict the flu seasons for the past 15 years and never thought about looking into Australia's flu season and using data collected from them to help prepare for the US's flu season. According to our text book, An Invitation to Health, "Influenza viruses, which can change their outer protein coats so dramatically that

The flu vaccine does not make a good compliment with other or too many diseases. Studies have shown that when the flu vaccine is not well matched to circulating viruses the probabilities of benefits from the vaccine are slim. When a person has bad health status it is very likely that the vaccination may not be observed by the system enough to combat and kill the virus of the

But antibodies against flu viruses you’ve encountered in the past can’t protect you from new influenza subtypes that can be very different immunologically from what you had before.

Many people tend to have misconceptions when it comes to the flu vaccine. How well the vaccine woks depends on factors such as age and the health stand point of the person. There is a possibility that the vaccine may not full work for reasons like your body not making enough antibody cells, getting the vaccine too late, or the flu vaccine not fighting off the specific parasite spreading at that time.

That is one of the biggest myths ever about the flu vaccine. The vaccine contains the killed virus. With that being said, a person cannot get sick just from getting the shot. The shot will not fully protect people from getting the flu, but it lowers the risk. If someone got the vaccine and still gets sick, they cannot blame the vaccine. They could have gotten a strong case from somewhere else that the vaccine couldn’t fully fight off.

This manuscript presents a virological molecular survey of influenza D virus in healthy and respiratory-diseased cattle in Japan. The results are important to acquiring information concerning epidemiology of this new emerging virus. Anyway, some data should be better explained and some conclusions are not coherent with results and

cells and avoid the immune system response; also in human influenza infections, this glycan promotes binding of the virus to the glycans on erythrocytes; thus, facilitating the entry of the virus to the cells. Its overexpression on cell membranes is linked to cancer metastasis (Fuster and Esko, 2005; Severi et al., 2007). Therefore, the better understanding of how this post-translational modification occurs, will give insight into options for applications in biotechnology and medical treatments. A way of doing this is generating sialic acid analogues to be accepted by a SiaT enzyme. For instance, studies with various α-2-3 and α 2 6 linked sialyl galactosides analogues containing C9-modified sialic acids (produced by a coupled assay with enzymes: