Information And Communication Technologies ( Ict )

This paper gives a clear understanding on the current state of art on the IoT. The primary idea of the IoT concept is the pervasive existence around us of a wide range of things such as Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) tags, actuators, sensors, mobile phones, etc. These are able to communicate with each other and collaborate with their neighbors to reach collective goals through distinctive addressing scheme.

Internet of Things is the connectivity concept which makes all the devices, connected to the main monitoring device via Wired or Wireless. The communication that is been used by IoT is possessing an RFID. Every device in this IoT network seems to physically individual, but they are all connected with a same unison. There are more than 12 billions connected and according to stats, in coming years it would increase to more than 26 times of present. IoT is the most fashionable way of connecting devices and communicating them in an intelligent way. As all the devices are connected, it is now driving the world towards a single and large information system.

In their paper, the writers stated that a city is smart when investments in human and social capital and traditional (transport) and modern (ICT) communication infrastructure fuel sustainable economic growth and a high quality life, with a wise of management of natural resources, through participatory governance. While people think that the most important is technological infrastructure, the most important infrastructure in a smart city is the social infrastructure, which revolves around the citizens and their relationships. A smart city is a humane city that has multiple opportunities to exploit its human potential and lead a

The world is getting smarter and better and so are the devices. With the improved technology, we can check our mails on our watch; control our home temperature through our smartphone and much more. The term Internet of Things is referred to any object or device which connects to the Internet to automatically send and/or receive data [1].

Many of us take advantage of the internet in our daily lives now, in fact now there are more devices connected to the internet than the entire human population of our planet. Cisco believes that by 2020 the total things connected to the internet will surpass 50 billion. That doesn’t even include all the devices and things not connected; such as a cell phone without battery. A new form of internet systems is beginning to emerge, and in the coming years it will see huge breakthroughs throughout the 21st century. The internet of things will change many aspects of people’s lives.

Smart Cities: Big Data, Civic Hackers, and the Quest for a New Utopia was written by Anthony M. Townsend who is an American researcher who specializes in research on the implications of technology on cities and public institutions. His book provides incredible historical context and finishes off with well-grounded perspectives and recommendations about the future of our cities. From start to finish he gives us the historical layout of “smart cities” and the many failures that have shaped the notions of how technology can improve the lives of urban dwellers. Anthony M. Townsend brings together trends and patterns in technology and cities, arguing for divergent futures based upon the path taken, while also describes corporate and government efforts that work against citizen-based action. He tells a story about how technology will change city planning and management. The concept of the book felt more as, corporations are making advances on planning smart cities, but do not surrender the entirety of the projects to them, make space for organic innovation and integration of the average citizen. For Townsend to make his argument he combines his own substantial experience in government and technology with interviews and

Internet of Things (IoT) are devices that can collect and share data with no human interactions. IoT are machines that connect to other machines. Examples of IoT’s are fitness trackers that report to a smart phone, smart vacuum cleaners that are self- propelled, and Apps for your smart phone that can adjust lighting, temperature or security features at your house when you are away.

IoT offers a platform for sensors and devices to communicate seamlessly within a smart environment and enables information sharing across platforms in a convenient manner. The recent adaptation of different wireless technologies places IoT as the next revolutionary technology by benefiting from the full opportunities offered by the Internet technology. IoT has witnessed its recent adoption in smart cities with interest in developing intelligent systems, such as smart office, smart retail, smart agriculture, smart water, smart transportation, smart healthcare, and smart energy. IoT has emerged as a new trend in the last few years, where mobile devices, transportation facilities, public facilities, and home appliances can all be used as data acquisition equipment in IoT. All surrounding electronic equipment to facilitate daily life operations, such as wristwatches, vending machines, emergency alarms, and garage doors, as well as home appliances, such as refrigerators, microwave ovens, air conditioners, and water heaters are connected to an IoT

The use of IoT has already impacted the way cities operate. The term smart cities, is used to describe a city that possesses an IoT oriented infrastructure. “In a smart city, the digital technologies translate into better public services for inhabitants and better use of resources while reducing environmental impacts”. [3] For a smart city to be feasible, IoT must provide intelligence, interconnection, and instrumentation. Wi-Fi-enabled smart devices and low-cost sensors are components of the smart city and allow devices a way to communicate with the public via the internet. These devices collect real-time data, which not only improves the lives of residents, but transforms several sectors of public service as well. Transportation has been revolutionized by smart traffic management systems which gather data from an array of magnetic road sensors and hundreds of cameras. The result is less delay at major stop lights and increased travel speeds, because enabled drivers can see which lights are busy and monitor these areas for other vehicles and pedestrians. To lower traffic and driver search times for parking spots, parking sensors that detect parking-spaces for drivers are installed in major cities. Street lights use a method of energy saving known as adaptive lighting which enables them to determine their brightness setting, appropriate for a given situation. The smart city solution to conserving energy is through smart girds. A smart grid serves several energy management

The Internet of Things is a complex, innovative system rooted in the idea of connectivity. Individual artifacts that transmit data and information amongst each other ensure a smooth and coherent experience based off their ability to communicate through internet connection, sharing the same network to create incomparable efficiency and convenience. The Internet of Things is constantly developing to work in new areas and scenarios, further securing its essentiality in the domain of the technological future

What actually a SMART CITY is ?... It is having making use of many such technologies that cause greater interaction of citizens with government, having such implementation that reduces time, getting good enhancement of qualities, performance and as well leading to a Mega developed country. A smart city can be said to be an Intellectual city or information city or best way to express it as The Digital City. Smart cities prepare a good respond to challenges, consequences citizens of our city face. Smart city concept is mainly been in accordance for improving the management of urban, lifestyle, livelihood.

It is obvious that the smart city is not only about technology — it is also based on human and social capitals, wise management of natural resources, participatory governance.

At this point you 've heard the "brilliant urban cities" pitch. Our streets will be implanted with sensors, our structures connected to the web of things, our commons observed by cameras and automatons, our urban frameworks recalibrated by constant information on energy, water, atmosphere, transportation, waste and machines. Any day now, our urban areas will be sublimely changed into efficient machines. Be that as it may, it 's not all that simple to see where you and I fit in. Most talk on "smart" and "conscious" cities, in the event that it locations individuals by any stretch of the imagination, concentrates on them as wellsprings of information encouraging the calculations. Once in a while do we consider the purpose of engagement — how individuals interface with, and experience, the city 's operating system?

These smart cities have potential sensors networks that help them collect data and help them analyse things going on in said cities.

With the click of a button or a tap on a screen, you can discover profound knowledge, it navigates you to where you need to go, or it even tells you miscellaneous things such as which place to go to get the best pumpkin spice latte. The Internet of things has significantly impacted everyday lives and continues to develop throughout generations. It refers to pertinent things such as the ever-growing networks of everyday physical objects, and other internet-enabled systems and devices which process and analyze large and fast-moving data set along each other. To sum it up, the internet of things is a fast growing network of materials where everything is synced and can collect as well as exchange data using sensors that are embedded in devices. Although individuals believe that the Internet of Things (IoT) consequently, will strip every one of privacy and security, the internet of things ought to be utilized in society as it positively transforms the way you live and relate to our environment to make it more productive and useful for us.