Information Flow in Large Communication Nets by Leonard Kleinrock

The beginning of the Internet is well known. It was a United States Defense research program named ARPANET. The internal structure of ARPA that reared the network development during its first years is not as well known. Inventing the Internet explains how the little agency was created in 1958 to respond to the Soviets' successful launch of the world's first artificial satellite. ARPA did not own a laboratory.

It is important to know the history of the internet. The internet is a worldwide network of computer systems that are connected to each other by cables (Howe, 2012). The internet first started out as a military experiment. In 1957, the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) was created by the United States department of Defense (Computer History Museum, 2004). The project was started after the Russians launched a satellite into space for communication reasons. The satellite was called SPUTNIK (Computer History Museum, 2004). It was rumored that President Eisenhower got worried and decided to get the United States to launch its own satellite. They recruited Dr. Joseph C. Licklider of MIT, was made head of the Information Processing Techniques Office (IPTO)(Computer History Museum, 2004). Their purpose of the project was to focus on improving the military use of computer information.

In the 1990’s, an invention was created that is now used in everyday life, The World Wide Web also known as the WWW. In the year of 1990, Tim Berners-Lee created the World Wide Web.It was invented in the United States and was later released to the public in 1991. The World Wide Web has become very important and people could not imagine a life without it. Overall, the World Wide Web has become very important to the world (Tim Berners-Lee).

The first Internet introduced to the world is the Arpanet. Arpanet also known as The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network was a early packet switching network and the first network to use the protocol suite TCP/IP. Both technologies became the foundation of the Internet. The Arpanet inventors were Lick Licklider and Lawrence Roberts but they can't take all the credit because they worked for the Arpanet was originally created by the IPTO and went through censorship by DARPA. DARPA was planned by Lick Licklider and Lawrence Roberts. The Arpanet used the geographic location to send files and other thing to other locations. This was used by scientists and government officials. “The Arpanet was also considered as the first prototype of the Internet. On a cold war kind of day in 1969 work began on ARPAnet, the grandfather to the Internet. Designed as a computer version of the nuclear bomb shelter,

The author compares the difference from the past and the present and how the internet has changed not only himself, but others and the way that they are able to understand and focus due to the long-term use of the web. While comparing the past and the present the author gathers information from well know writers that feel the same way about the effects of the web. The author's choice of personal experiences, vivid imagery and analysis backed by research hook the reader and persuades them to believe that today's technology is causing mainly problems.

The Internet influenced the United States more than anything else in the 20th century. The Internet first technically started in 1969, when the U.S. Defense Department’s Advanced Research Projects Agency or ARPA connected networks at the University of California and the Stanford Research Institute (SRI). From there, just three years later the creation of the Email was born by Ray Tomlinson of BBN. With many other novelties of the Internet coming soon after, such as the Domain Name System (DNS) establishing .edu and .com, and the first web browser, World Wide Web by CERN. As the Internet flourished in the late 1990s it became more usable to the public and soon became routine to use, making great changes in society. The Internet was integrated

Over the course of the next twenty years it was mainly utilized by the United States military and government to communicate with each other during the “cold war” with the Soviet Union, and the allies of the United States. By 1982 the concept and use of the Internet had been reshaped by the Internet Protocol Suite (IPS). (CNN.org) The idea eventually evolved and was adapted by the United States in 1986, when the Internet Protocol Suite expanded and began to provide access to supercomputer sites for research and educational organizations. The internet further evolved by the mid-1990’s into the mass commercial use we see today, with many early use restrictions lifted. Since then the Internet has continued to expand and continues to advance. (Wikipedia.org)

Overall, the book tells us about the people involved the making of the Internet. Through the efforts of these geniuses, we see that the work on the "Arpanet" and Internet, as in the rest of the field of computing, was a team effort, with contributions from many individuals and organizations. And, as stated earlier, this effort also had much government support. Thus, many people and institutions were responsible in the making of this incredible instrument of computer technology.

In the text, the author gives a historical overview of the internet. He tells us that the internet was not an overnight phenomenon and not a single person’s efforts. He gives us a timeline of the development of the internet and the degree of changes it went through to give us the internet that we have today.

The internet was created more than 40 years ago. It was created on September 2, 1962 in L.A.. It was created by 2 UCLA computers ,and machines that were able to communicate with each other In its early days it was only used for communication during the Cold War. Sputnik , he very first satellite for the internet, was launched on December 4, 1957. One of the biggest factors to why the internet was created is ,because the U.S. feared one missile attack could destroy all telephone lines. The internet first message was sent in 1969. In 1969 only 4 computers were connected to the ARPA net, but it grew in the 1970s. The internet steadily became a public use in the 1980s. People started using it for communing with each other. The internet got worse and worse to use for research, so in 1992 researchers developed a program they called Mosaic. Mosaic was made to make browsing the internet safer and

They saw a great potential value of Internet in scientific and military field, and sharing the informations. J.C.R. Licklider of MIT was one of the visionary people. He’s the first one who proposed the global network. Then the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) took over the program of developing global network at late 1962 with MIT and University of California at Los Angeles. At 1965, they connected a Massachusetts’ computer with a California computer which was a big progress. Robert moved to DARPA and started his plan for ARPANET which was the real start of the Internet’s life. At 1969, during the Cold War, the program’s purpose changed to "to aid researchers in the process of sharing information, and not coincidentally to study how communications could be maintained in the event of nuclear attack". Fortunately, with the developed of Internet technique. It’s usage became wider. Like later the emergence of ARPANET include many usages such as file transfer, sent e-mail, and even online discuss. In 1973, APRA continued a program named “Internetting Project” for "to develop communication protocols which would allow networked computers to communicate transparently across multiple, linked packet networks". The development of Internet had never stopped. By 1980s, private could use Internet which we called “TCP/IP”, and it was funded by National

The man who built the internet from the ground up and who is known as the father of the internet is Vinton Grey Cerf. Cerf was born on June 23, 1943 in New Haven, Connecticut. In 1965 Cerf was presented with a bachelor’s

The internet developed from software called the ARPANET which the

Perhaps one of the greatest inventions of out time is the Internet. Without a doubt, the net has had a profound effect on almost every aspect of our lives. The formation of the Internet has changed the way we do business, communicate, entertain, retrieve information, and even educate ourselves. Nevertheless, the Internet might have never materialized if it had not been for some innovated thinkers from the Advanced Research Project Agency, who created "ARPANET." In collaboration with several educational and research institutions, the agency created the packet-switching technologies that form the basis of the Internet today.

In today’s world Internet has become one of the most important mediums of communication. It has become the lifeline of our survival. It has removed the entire social, economic and physical barrier and has immense effect on our day to day activity.