One of the AASL’s standards for 21st century learners is [they will] “inquire, think critically, and gain knowledge” and “follow an inquiry- based process in seeking knowledge in curricular subjects, and make the real-world connection for using this process in [his/her] own life.” (ALA, 2007, p. 4)
Three research process models that help students make independent choices, ask questions, find resources, and discover information are the Big6™, Kuhlthau’s Information Search Process, and I-Search. This paper will compare and contrast these models and discuss their use in teaching students to research on their own.
Big6™
The first process considered is the Big6™. Mike Eisenberg and Bob Berkowitz, two information literacy educators,
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and extracting relevant information. Synthesis takes into account organizing from multiple sources and presenting the information. Finally, Evaluation entails judging the product for effectiveness and judging the process for efficiency. (Wurster, 2011)
Librarians, teachers, and students can all benefit from the Big6™ process as it helps to identify goals, hunt for, use and collect information and then reflect on that information with the presentation of the information. Teachers and librarians benefit because they can use it at any grade level, with any subject, with any state or national standards, and it complements any curriculum. Students benefit because the Big6™ assures they understand the assignment, complete the project, assignment, or activity, and discuss the process. In addition, students can know if they missed a step of the process, self-asses their work, recognize reliable information, cite sources, divide an assignment into easily managed parts, and feel confident in their work. (Wurster, 2011)
Kuhlthau’s Information Search Process (ISP)
A very well known research process is Kuhlthau’s Information Search Process (ISP). Kuhlthau uses six stages to present the user’s physical, mental, and social view of information seeking. The stages are 1) task initiation, 2) selection, 3) exploration, 4) focus formulation, 5) collection, and 6) presentation.
During the initiation stage, the student becomes
Information literacy is said to be the foundation of the learning process. Unfortunately, as the Internet expands to meet the demand for easy accessible information, people are abandoning the literacy component by not seeking to understand the importance of reliable information to the learning process itself. The objective of this paper is to explore how the scholar, practitioner, leader model is influenced by information literacy, examine the responsibility of each, and provide alternate solutions to meet the challenges.
When in school, upon given any assignment, I would research, research and research again all the main components of the assignment. I love to know what’s next and what certain things mean. Independent research is a lot easier for me. I can process my thoughts and
In research, there is no right or wrong process; although there are many heuristics that can be passed on. Appropriate use of information requires that we see knowledge acquirement as fluid and varying. (Jones, 1996)
Yet even with these realizations that delve into the deeper meaning of education, modern education is still calling for simple measurable outcomes and continues to be geared towards specific employment ideas. This model of education is blatantly inadequate though. Many students today will end up holding jobs not yet invented in fields not yet discovered, so the teaching of answers to today’s questions is utterly useless. Albert Einstein once said, “Education is not the learning of facts, but the training of the mind to think.” and this statement reigns true throughout time. To continue academic success, the education system needs to impart a mastery of one’s own mind that allows students to not only answer current questions but also to pose questions that will shape the future world.
The Chinese Proverb, “Tell me and I forget, show me and I remember, involve me and I understand”, applies to the 21st century skills that students need to have to meet the global challenges. Inquiry is a process of active learning that is driven by questioning and critical thinking. The understandings that students develop through inquiry are deeper and longer lasting than any pre-packaged knowledge delivered by teachers to students. Inquiry-based learning follows a process that progresses through phases, but is recursive and reflective throughout (Library of Congress n.d). Furthermore,
“The more typical view of learning resembles the mental equivalent of consumerism: the more knowledge we acquire, the better 'educated' we think we are. But as some of the leading researchers and practitioners in the field have observed, such education 'focuses more on memorization and static answers rather than on the art of seeking new possibilities through dynamic questioning.' Instead of teaching students 'how to ask powerful
Students will be challenged and asked questions that push them to refer back to what they’ve read. This stresses critical-thinking, problem-solving, and analytical skills that are required for success in college, career, and life (p.1)
Where possible the change will be performed on a test system. This may be a single production system that has been determined to be the least critical in the WRCU network. Where applicable, testing should be done in partnership with the users of the changed system. If a 3rd party vendor has extensively tested software changes, this will be considered testing for the purpose of this
An informatics needs assessment is a critical step in the selection and implementation of the Electronic Health Record (EHR). The purpose of a needs assessment is to understand the organization and the needs of the organization well enough to boost the positive impact of an EHR while minimizing the negative effects (American Medical Association, n.d.).
As the implementation of electronic health records (EHR) progress nationwide, the concepts of interoperability and health information exchange (HIE) must be discussed. The Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society (2005, p. 2) define interoperability as “the ability of health information systems to work together within and across organizational boundaries in order to advance the effective delivery of healthcare for individuals and communities.” Interoperability is the enabling of two systems, including those that do not share
It is generally accepted that information is a vital commodity for the successful operation of today’s organizations. Nowadays modern business organizations are using computerized information systems in order to obtain such information. However as the technology advances rapidly the main issue is how can an organization should effectively use such an information system - which its management sometimes can be unpredictable - in order to effectively help the whole organization structure to improve and take the most out of it.
The purpose research is to outline the importance of information literacy and recommendations for the future. Specifically, it argues for the importance of Information Literacy to individuals, business, and citizenship. It suggests opportunities to develop information literacy which addresses the information age in school.
Information literacy is conceivably the foundation for learning in contemporary environment of continuous technological change. As information and communication technologies develop rapidly, and the information environment becomes increasingly complex, educators are recognizing the need for
This plan is intended to guide technological development at Fair Street IB World School for the next three years. It will support teaching and learning as directly referenced in the Fair Street IB World School mission, the IB Learner Profile, and the ISTE Standards. We will create technology-rich classroom environments by providing staff, students and the school community training in all areas of technology. The vision is also supported by current research-based best practices of instruction, which are reflected by Creighton (2003) in which integrating effective technology will increase analyzing, interpreting, predicting, and synthesizing skills that require students to make connections, delve deeply into texts and contexts, and create new understanding (p. 50).
Research problem (Statement): To observe and understand users’ seeking behavior, purpose and need while navigating the information space.