Definition
The aorta is the largest artery of the body. Its job is to disperse blood to smaller arteries to be sure all of the parts of the body receive an efficient supply of well oxygenated blood. This artery connects to the aortic valve of the heart. This valve opens and closes, so blood can leave the heart. It has to close completely and open widely for the right amount of blood to be able to flow through. If there are any problems with it, and it can't push through blood from the aorta, a person might end up needing aortic valve replacement surgery.
Symptoms
The symptoms of problems with the aortic valve are similar to that of a heart attack. There is chest pain and pressure that some describe as feeling like the heart is being squeezed. The heart might also have a sensation of fullness that seems different, and the left arm might also go numb. Some of the other symptoms include:
Breaking out in a cold sweat
Shortness of breath
Nausea
Vomiting
Treatment
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First, a cardiologist will determine how serious a person's condition is. Sometimes, the problem is minor, and it can be repaired. But, if the aortic valve has completely stopped functioning, then surgery must be done quickly to keep the person alive. This usually requires a complete replacement of the valve with either a donated human aortic valve, a patient's own pulmonary valve, or a pig or cow heart valve. The surgery is tedious and stressful on the body, and unfortunately, the heart valve will wear out over time. Because of this, mechanical aortic valves are usually used on younger patients, so they don't have to go through the painful surgery again later
With acute aortic insufficiency, pulse pressure widens as the valve deteriorates. Signs and symptoms may include a bounding pulse, atrial and ventricular gallops, chest pain, palpitations, pallor, crackles, dyspnea, and jugular vein distention, may also be present.
Title: Manual Blood Pressure Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about taking manual blood pressure using clinical evidence. Thesis Statement: Blood pressure is a vital sign measured in everyone. Therefore, making it a relevant subject to individuals of all ages.
The physician inserts a tissue valve into the bigger artery there, and then takes the valve up to the
A doctor may also suggest treatment later in a person’s life, if the disease worsens. If a cardiologist suggests medical treatment, two options include: Mitral Valve Repair or Mitral Valve Replacement. “If the patient chooses to have Mitral Valve Replacement, he or she should find a surgeon who satisfies three criteria; the surgeon should have a 90 percent or greater rate of successful repair, should have an extremely low rate of death from surgery (less than 1 percent) and should be proficient in operating with less invasive approaches, if your surgeon cannot provide these sorts of numbers, you need to move to another” (Gillinov 326). By reconnecting valve leaflets a surgeon can perform Mitral Valve Repair (mayoclinic.org). A surgeon can also remove excess tissue from the valve for a repair (mayoclinic.org). “The traditional approach to most aortic valve problems is to open the chest, remove the old valve, and sew in a new one” (Gillinov
Anatomy is wonderful, isn't it? It is the embodiment of well...our bodies. I guess the best place to start would be skin. The only organ we see on a daily basis without being grossed out.
aortic valve, and ascending aortic arch. The right side has to work harder but can't sustain
A heart valve allows blood to flow in only one direction through the heart. Tissue heart valves are harvested from pig heart valve or a cow heart sac. These tissues are treated, neutralized, mounted on a frame or stent so the body will not reject them. A tissue valve lifetime is 10-15 years. An advantage in a tissue heart valve replacement is that there are fewer requirements for anticoagulation therapy which reduces an incidence of bleeding. Mechanical heart valves are made out of pyrolytic carbon and last up to 20-25 years. A mechanical heart valve requires warfarin anticoagulation therapy and there is a risk for bleeding (Silberman, 2008).
The aorta exits the heart, descending into the abdomen at which point it divides into the iliac arteries, ultimately splitting into the femoral arteries at the groin.
The Symptoms of this disease are hard to see when someone is presently standing in front of you, but listen to their chest or observe them run and you will notice an extra beat with a swooshing sound, and that They get tired faster than normal these are two of the symptoms the others are an inability to lose weight and chest pain If you have these symptoms calm down you most likely don’t have aortic stenosis only 4% of Americans have it a
Disease, endocarditis or a congenital defect can result in heart valve problems. When the valves don't open or close properly during each heartbeat, the heart muscle has to pump harder to keep blood moving.
An estimated 200,000 aortic valve replacements are done yearly. Surgical valve replacements frequently use BP valves over mechanical valves. 2 All transcatheter valves are bioprosthetic (BP) and have been increasingly used in patients with severe aortic stenosis deemed to be at high surgical risk. 13 TAVR was
Aneurysms can develop slowly often with no symptoms, but symptoms may arise quickly upon rapid expansion. With an abdominal aortic aneurysm, patients typically exhibit abdominal pain, tachycardia, presence of a palpable, pulsatile abdominal mass, a bruit heard over the abdominal aortic aneurysm, severe dyspnea, lower extremity edema, and elevated central venous pressure (Kotsikoris et al., 2012). People may also experience pain near the back, abdomen, or flank, usually signs impending rupture.
Aortic stenosis—aortic valve stenosis— is caused by a narrowing of the heart’s aortic valve which leads to obstruction of the outflow of the left ventricle. Aortic stenosis is uncommon in patients under the age of 50. The most common cause in adults within industrialized countries is due to aortic valve calcification. Compared to any other cardiac diseases stenosis of the aortic valve is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Some of the more uncommon causes of this deadly disease include congenital heart disease, rheumatic fever, and radiation. Patients with increased age, increased low density lipoprotein (LDL), increased lipoprotein A, hypertension, and smoking history have a higher risk of developing a stenotic valve. Patients suffering from aortic stenosis often are asymptotic until more of the advanced symptoms develop. At this time, they may present the “classic triad symptoms,” which include (1) angina, (2) syncope, and (3) heart failure. There are also some broad symptoms such as fatigue, dyspnea (usually with exertion), swollen ankles, difficulty exercising, or palpitations. Physical examination provides valuable insight into the diagnosis of aortic stenosis. Findings on physical examination can be confirmed through non-invasive two-dimensional Doppler echocardiogram, which is the gold standard for aortic stenosis. However, other imaging modalities for diagnosis and treatment options of this debilitating disease will be discussed in this
Causes are regurgitation, stenosis, artesia. Regurgitation is when a valve flaps and blood leaks backwards. Stenosis is when the valve becomes thick and stiff. Results are narrow openings and reduced blood flow. Artesia is when the valve isn’t fully formed and it is a sheet of solid tissue that blocks the blood flow. People don’t usually feel the symptoms of this disease for a long time. There is a infection of the inner lining of the heart muscle and heart valves called Bacterial Endocarditis. Things that can damage the aortic valve are high blood pressure and atherosclerosis. Now also one or more valves can get damaged from other disorders for example carcinoid tumors, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, syphilis. Also there are drugs that can promote heart valve disease for example, Methysergide which is a medication that helps treat migraine headaches. Some common symptoms are irregular heartbeat, swelling of ankles and feet, dizziness, fainting. Now some symptoms that aren’t really common are a heart murmur which can be determined when a doctor listens to the heart and shortness of breath when lying down or being very
His aorta was hanging down from his chest, from where his heart was, like a long, thick, sallow hollow tube, cut loose and swinging to and fro inside his belly, like a pendulum. I saw it with my own eyes, but I did not want to believe it—how could one submit to such a repulsive act? It was not important who he was or how unlucky he was to be the one in the midst of this chaos, they just wanted his money. I did not see who actually cut this man open, but the mob sure made it their priority to search him for every treasure on his body: a watch, a ring, money, anything greed desires, yet there were only bandages lying under his carcass. I must have missed the scurrying of the shoeless damsels and brutes wandering around aimlessly, almost like a well, oiled machine, around and about the great square, ultimately running to torture this man. We called them Runners, running around uncontrollably like all the muscles in their body’s contract and restrict involuntarily forcing them to push forward no matter