Informative Speech Outline

Tuberculosis is a disease of an infectious nature caused by a bacterium known as mycobacterium tuberculosis. The disease spreads through the air. People with the disease can spread it to susceptible people through coughing, sneezing, talking or spitting. It mainly affects the lungs and other parts such as the lymph nodes and kidneys can also be affected. The symptoms for TB are fatigue, coughing, night sweats, weight loss and fever. One third of the population of the world is affected with mycobacterium tuberculosis. The rate of infection is estimated to be one person per second. About 14 million people in the world are infected with active tuberculosis. Drug resistant TB has been recorded to be a serious public health hazard in many countries. Resistant strains have developed making it difficult to treat the disease. TB has caused millions of death mainly in people living with HIV/AIDS ADDIN EN.CITE Ginsberg19981447(Ginsberg, 1998)1447144717Ginsberg, Ann M.The Tuberculosis Epidemic: Scientific Challenges and OpportunitiesPublic Health Reports (1974-)Public Health Reports (1974-)128-13611321998Association of Schools of Public Health00333549http://www.jstor.org/stable/4598234( HYPERLINK l "_ENREF_3" o "Ginsberg, 1998 #1447" Ginsberg, 1998). The World Health Organization came up with the DOTS (Directly Observed, Therapy, Short course) strategy. The approach involves diagnosing cases and treating patients with drugs for about 6-8

Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection that can be spread in the lungs, lymph nodes, and bloodstream and to any part of an organ in the body. They are two types of tuberculosis which, is active and

Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by a bacteria called Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, which normally affects the lungs, but it can also affect any part of the body, including the bones and the nervous system. The disease is spread easily through prolonged exposure to someone who has the illness, from their coughs and sneezes. For a healthy individual the body’s immune system kills the bacteria and prevents it from spreading in the body, which is known as ‘latent TB’. However, if the immune system fails to fight the bacteria, it can easily spread in the body. Symptoms will develop within a few weeks or months depending on the individual. This is known as an ‘active TB’. The symptoms are, constant coughing that brings up phlegm that may also contain blood, which lasts more than three weeks, combined with weight loss, tiredness and fatigue, loss of appetite and also fever. Without treatment, TB can cause major health problems and if its left untreated can even cause death (NHS 2016).

Active disease is diagnosed with chest x-ray, skin or blood tests and sputum smears. Cat scans and MRI’s can also be used for diagnosing. Treatment for active non-resistant TB consists of the use of a two drug therapy, generally isoniazid and rifampicin. Cure rate for this strain of TB can be over 90%. Treatment for active TB is done for a minimum of six months. As a result of individuals incompletely finishing their recommended dose of anti-tubercular

This disease is passed from human to human through a simple cough. The agents from the M. tuberculosis complex directly attack the respiratory system, specifically the lungs in most cases. The microbe can also effect the brain, kidneys or spine (Biggest). From there the disease can take two forms, latent or active. In Figure 1, the chart shows the aggressiveness difference between latent and active. Patients that had HIV were found to have a higher chance of catching the microbe or becoming re-infected with the disease. Latent TB is basically TB with the symptoms turned off. When tested for the infections, the results are positive, but the patient does not feel sick or show any symptoms. Latent TB patients will not spread the infection and are not infectious (Biggest). Without treatment very few cases will morph into the active form within two years of infection. Active form is the most aggressive and contains the most concern. Symptoms include, weight loss, loss of appetite, fever, fatigue and chills. When TB has infected the lungs patients will witness chest pain, coughing for more than three weeks and may get as far as coughing up blood (Biggest). This form is very infectious and can be passed easily through the air as an infected person coughs the microbes into the surrounding air. For now, no vaccines or drugs have been found to completely cure Tuberculosis. Only the symptoms can be dealt with. Unfortunately, there is a new strands emerging that is multidrug- resistant and extensively drug-resistant where treatment is no longer an option

The infected tissue within the tubercles die, leaving the gas exchange surface damaged. This then reduces lung function as tidal volume is reduced. Occasionally the immune cells cannot kill the bacterium but prevent it from spreading to the rest of the body, meaning the individual will not present any symptoms. This condition is known as latent TB. However common symptoms of active TB include, a persistent cough that usually includes coughing up of blood and mucus, chest pains, shortness of breath, high temperature, tiredness and fatigue and even weight loss as many people lose their appetite. People with the inactive form of TB (latent TB) are asymptomatic. These people cannot pass on the infection to others, however if they become destabilized for example by contracting another disease, then their TB infection could become active and so could be passed on. TB can be prevented beforehand by taking the BCG vaccine. However if TB is already present in an individual, they can be treated with antibiotics. This course of antibiotics usually lasts 6 months. However some forms of TB are resistant to certain antibiotics which means treatment take much longer.

Active TB is when the disease is actively producing symptoms such as a cough for three weeks or longer,weight loss,loss of appetite,high temperature or fever,night sweats,extreme tiredness or lack of energy can be transmitted to other people; latent disease is when the person is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria, but the bacteria are not producing symptoms (usually due to the body's immune system suppressing the bacterial growth and spread) and have no TB bacteria in the sputum. People with latent TB usually

When the patient first starts experiencing signs and symptoms in relation with TB they will immediately contact their GP to make an appointment. For example the individual will start to experience extreme tiredness and fatigue due to the germs having damaged the area where oxygen enters the body. Alongside this the individual will also experience a persistent cough that has lasted more than 3 weeks and this might even contain blood too. Furthermore once you have seen your local GP they will refer you to a TB specialist for testing and treatment if they think its TB.

Tuberculosis is an infectious bacterial disease that affects the lungs and can often be serious when not treated quickly and properly. Tuberculosis is a miserable illness to have and is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis being spread through the air. Symptoms include severe coughing that can last for longer than three weeks, coughing up blood, chest pain, pain when breathing or coughing, weight loss, fatigue, fever, night sweats, chills, and lack of appetite. This illness can also affect other organs or body parts, which lead to additional symptoms. When it occurs outside the lungs the symptoms correspond to the place it occurs. Examples include back pain when it occurs in your spine and blood in urine when it occurs in the

Tuberculosis is an airborne disease caused by a bacteria that goes by the name of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. This bacteria is a rod-like shaped and can be very hard to treat, especially if it become multidrug-resistant. Many people have it and don’t even realize it because they have a certain type of TB called latent TB infection. This is when you have the tuberculosis bacteria in your body but it hasn’t started multiplying. There are different tests for it and different medications people can take to treat it. Young adults, HIV positive patients, smokers and any other patients that have illnesses that weaken their immune systems are the people most likely to get tuberculosis. It is said that HIV patients are 26 to 31 times more likely to become ill with TB.

Tuberculosis is highly contagious and can spread from infected person to a healthy person through the air by inhaling airborne droplets called nuclei from an infected person. These airborne particles come from the infected person by sneezing, coughing or laughing and other forced respiratory. Which is why someone close to an infected person on a daily basis will be at high risk of getting infected especially for example if they share the same room. If the droplets containing tuberculosis bacilli are large they become embedded in the proximal airways. Which should not cause an infection. The infection happens when the particles are small, enough to cross the upper respiratory defence and reach the lungs. In 1950 several antibiotic were developed

Tuberculosis is a disease caused by the bacteria tubercle bacilli (NSW Health 2014). It is one of mankind’s oldest infections and has plagued humans throughout recorded and archaeological history (Encyclopaedia Britannica 2014). Tuberculosis comes in an infectious and disease form. The infectious form is the result of contraction of TB bacteria that remains dormant and is neither symptomatic nor contagious. The disease form of TB is caused by active TB bacteria and results in the contagious and fatal tuberculosis disease.

Tuberculosis (TB) is infectious disease caused by bacterial pathogens from Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex. Tuberculosis affects various organs of the body forming granulomas at the site of infection. The pulmonary TB is the most common form (Anon, 2015).Only the pulmonary form is infectious with aerosol transmission after a sneeze or cough from an infected individual. Once an individual is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex, clinically, it can either lead to a TB infection (Latent/Inactive TB) or an Active TB. In TB infection, the bacteria reside in the body in an inactive state without causing any symptoms or being contagious. This is due to the immune system of the body which prevents the bacteria from multiplying and causing local damage in the body. The active TB is contagious and is characterized by the common clinical symptoms like, prolonged cough with or without blood and sputum (weeks-months), unintentional weight loss, chronic fatigue, low grade fever (on and off for weeks-months), and night sweats. A Latent TB can become active if there is a compromise in the immune system of the body. The time period between infection and clinical symptoms vary from weeks to years again depending upon the immune system of the body. In vulnerable groups, the symptoms appear after a few months of infection (Mayoclinic.org, 2015).

Tuberculosis does show any different physical signs than regular tuberculosis. Both forms of tuberculosis show coughing for more than 3 weeks, coughing up blood or mucus, chest pain, fatigue/weakness, weight loss and loss of appetite, fever, and chills (1). Tuberculosis is easily caught by a new patient because the air that is contaminated by a carrier of the bacteria who has been in the room for a rather long time. Meaning if a person visits the carrier and goes into the carrier’s bedroom for an extended length of time, then that person could possibly contract tuberculosis. Not only is immediate contact a key factor in developing tuberculosis, health, where a person lives, and if that person developed tuberculosis in the past. These factors all accumulate and help in the spread of the disease from person to person.

Tuberculosis is abbreviated “TB”, which is a worldwide communicable disease, makes 33% of the world’s population get infected ("Centers for Disease Control and Prevention", 2016). According to the study of the World Health organization (2015), 1500 thousand people (1100 thousand HIV-negative and 400thousand HIV-positive) died due to TB in 2014 and 9600 thousand people are estimated to have fallen ill with TB in 2014. In addition, there were 9,563 causes being reported with TB (approximately 3.0 cases per 100,000 persons) in the America in 2015 ("Centers for Disease Control and Prevention", 2016). Therefore, TB is an unignorably global health issue and health workers need to collaborate to huddle and control this critical problem. Tuberculosis is caused by bacteria, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and can affect many organ systems; however, TB generally influence on the lung. The common symptoms of the TB disease include a chronic cough with blood or sputum for over 3 weeks or longer, weight loss, fever, night sweat, weakness or fatigue and no appetite ("Centers for Disease Control and Prevention", 2016). TB can divide into latent TB and active TB. A person, who has latent TB infection, has no symptoms and is unable to spread TB disease to the other. On the other hand, an individual who is diagnosed with active TB disease, is sick with symptoms and can spread bacteria by airborne to other people. Moreover, without the appropriate treatment, the complications may cause permanent