Informed Consent In Modern Medicine

In this case, the night of January 11, 1983, Nancy Cruzan was driving a car and lost control of her car as she traveled down Elm Road in Jasper County, Missouri. The car overturned, and Nancy Cruzan was discovered lying face down in a ditch without detectable respiratory and cardiac function. Paramedics were able to restore her breathing and heartbeat at the accident site and she was transported to a hospital in an unconscious state. Then neurosurgeon diagnosed her and found that she is having sustained probable cerebral contusions compounded by significant anoxia (lack of oxygen). The Missouri trial court found that permanent brain damage generally results after 6 minutes in an anoxic state and Nancy was in this stage for 12 to 14 minutes.

Jay Katz argues that informed consent entrenches and has become an essentiality, particularly during the time that medical practice were less than experimental. Furthermore, he argues that the courts made vehement pleas for more patient self-determination and concurrently weakening the pleas by giving physicians significant freedom to practice according to their own inclinations. Thus, the consequence of this and shared decision-making are identical and the existing law and the conventional medical practices fail to satisfy the concept of informed consent. The tradition of silence in

Fundamental to healthcare shared decision-making is the doctrine of informed consent. This shared decision-making is one of the most advocated methodologies in the healthcare treatment decision. Shared decision-making is a method in which the doctor communicates to his patient all the sufficient risk and benefit information on all types of medical treatments and alternative medical treatments. The patient then shares with his doctor all his personal information that might make a particular medical treatment (or a side-effect from it) more (or less) bearable than other medical treatments. Then, the doctor and his patient in tandem use all the information to arrive at a joint decision on the medical treatment. In order to be actively involved in their healthcare treatment decisions, patients must receive sufficient information from their doctors. In this particular role, doctors play the part of teachers or educators for their patients.

Informed consent is one of the initial steps in the therapy and any medical practice. According to ACA Code of Ethics (2014) A 2 b counselors should inform the client regarding to “purposes, goals, techniques, procedures, limitations, potential risks, and benefits of services; the counselor’s qualifications, credentials, relevant experience, and approach to counseling; continuation of services upon the incapacitation or death of the counselor; the role of technology; and other pertinent information”. Clients have a right to decide to next step in light to this information. Personally, I do not have much experience with informed consent, because confidentially still is upsetting issue in my country, Turkey. Except the mental health field, it is not commonly performed

The need by a medic or a physician to inform his or her patient of the required facts concerning a surgical procedure, or any procedure at that is always critical. Informed consent follows the principle that a physician has the duty to disclose all the relevant information to the patient, prior to treatment or services. Informed consent is obtained so that the patient is able to make a reasonable decision based on the facts presented. Along with the proposed course of treatment, the physician also offers alternatives to the patient (Hall & Bobinski, 2014).

Informed consent is a process where the physician provides the patient with information so that the patient can make a choice whether to accept or refuse treatment. This concept originates from the patients legal right to direct the type of health care they receive and the physicians ethical duty to involve the patient in the provision of medical care. Children do not have the capacity to give informed consent but their parents must give informed permission for treatment (Pozgar, 2012).

Informed consent is required for the principle of autonomy for all treatments, including exams, injections, surgery, medication and radiation, to name a few. It is found in the Health Care (consent) and Care Facility (Admission) Act part 2. Informed consent may be expressed or implied and is based on a reasonableness standard. The elements of informed consent are that the consent must be voluntary (ie. not coerced, forced, or made unconsciously), it must be made by a patient who is mentally capable of consent (adult or mature minor, not suffering from inebriation or mental incapacity), and it must be informed. A patient is mentally capable to consent and can understand the nature of the treatment, understand its intended effects and alternatives,

Informed consent is an important ethical principle which is applicable to medicine and research. By definition it should be given freely, without coercion (1). All the relevant information which might influence or inform the participant’s decision such as the nature of the study, the risks and benefits must be provided by the researcher (1). Participants should be informed that they can withdraw their consent at any time and withdraw from the study.

Before addressing the topic of drug trials, we first need to discuss concept of patient consent. Patient consent plays a major role in how medical professionals can treat their patients in today’s medical field. For a doctor or other medical professional to legally treat a patient they must first gain consent from the patient, this concept also applies to drug trials. There are two main forms

Informed consent in an ethical concept that all patients should understand and agree to the potential consequences of their care. This consent has a guideline that details the necessary details of its elements for it to be effective.

The role of trust in successfully communicating informed consent is very important. Informed consent is necessary to make sure that the patient/subject is properly aware of all factors involved in his or her choice to proceed with any medical decision. All risks, side effects, steps or methods, and even intention should be disclosed at this time. If a patient does not receive full disclosure, it can lead to the perception of dishonesty on the doctor’s/researcher’s part. No one wants to feel lied to or misled by someone that was trusted to perform a specific task.

In the 21st century Doctors and Researchers take informed consent very seriously. What is informed consent? Informed consent is the patient rights of awareness of treatment the doctor intends to give. Four guidelines/ rules are followed to confirm the patient has informed consent. Knowing the information about the study and telling patient specific details that will help them understand what will be occur during treatment/ research. The role the patient will have about the study. The contact information of the researcher/ doctor so patients can choose to back out of treatment anytime. The patient should know the risks and Benefits of the research. Patients should be aware of any possible adverse side effects and if there is no personal benefit, then the benefit of the research/ treatment for the overall population because of the study. Doctors and Researchers today initiate these guidelines when giving treatment or asking patient to participate in experiments/ studies. However it hasn’t always hasn’t been the case.

to the plan of the doctor for their care. This highlights a part of the informed

Medical doctor Boghuma Kabisen Titanji was researching in HIV drug-resistant viruses when she encountered a woman named Celine, who was a volunteer patient in the HIV clinical trial. Meeting Celine altered Titanji’s perception of the people, especially those living in developing countries, who gave their informed consent for research. Afterwards, Titanji became a strong supporter of ethical medical research, bringing attention to moral alternatives that researchers should follow in their studies. Her decision to advocate ethical medical research is justified, because research should not be conducted solely with the intent of obtaining results and statistics; research trials should be altered to better accommodate the patient's participating in them. While results are important, the safety and health of participants of such trials takes precedence, and is ultimately more beneficial to the greater good of the people who are struggling with their sickness.

Doctor’s need to stop breaking rules and regulations and gain proper consent, unless it is an emergency where the patient is not able to give consent. The medical term for medical decision making is known as informed consent. We go to the doctors because we trust them to make the best medical decision for us. Doctor’s sometimes provide treatment based on biology. Not all doctors are getting proper consent. Which is not acceptable. They are going by assumptions. The patients should not always be trusted with those kinds of decision because it can have a negative effect on other patients, their loved ones, and the doctors. As well as, they may not have the mental competence to make important decisions for themselves. Patients should be provided with all the knowledge about all possible treatments for their condition, so that they can feel part of the decision making.