Infraspecific Variation Essay

Plants are found everywhere on earth, up high on the ridge and down low in caves and caverns. The types of plants that live in these places depends on many factors. These factors are separated into two different categories, the biotic factors and the abiotic factors. Some of the biotic factors include, predation, competition, and habitat destruction. Plants with limited competition and large amounts of resources will be in a higher abundance than plants with limited resources and higher competition rates will be confined to areas and either out competed or will be the dominant species. Certain plants adapt to these factors and thrive and others don’t do as well. Some of the abiotic factors include, sunlight, water, temperature, and wind. These

Now talking about plants they widely differs from desert and rainforest settings. In the desert the plants are very sparse from

The essential oil of a plant is a mixture of volatile, water-insoluble components that exhibits the odor and other characteristics of the plant. In this experiment the essential oils

Wingstem (Verbesina alternifolia) are an unbranched perennial plant that are primarily located in middle and eastern areas of North America. Wingstem grow in habitats that receive large amounts of sun and areas that are shaded. Wingstem thrive in areas with moist conditions, and receive periodic rainfall. Based on our knowledge of the chemical processes in plants, the Wingstem located in the sunlit areas will have greater reproduction, resulting in increased flowering rather than those in shaded locations. To test our hypothesis, we collected Wingstem in various habitats (sun and shaded). We then calculated the number of flowers, followed by weighing the total vegetation. The results demonstrate a significant difference between the number

If you have wanted to enhance your spirituality using Essential Oils is a great way to do that because of the affects it has on the body. My personal favorite for this is Cedarwood it has a very earthy smell to it, and it promotes calming, purification and grounding. Grounding is the practice of

Rich in history, aromatic plant materials were used in ritual and herbal medicine throughout ancient cultures

One of the most fascinating applications of biology are within the topics of biological diversity and evolution. Numerous studies are being conducted to determine how biological diversity and evolution are changing with respect to how we utilize our lands for agricultural practices (EPA 2013). As we cultivate our lands, the way that water runs throughout them has changed greatly, and as a result the organisms in these areas are likely adapting to these water changes if they

The condition when high vapor have a great effect on the effectiveness of essential oil as for this research 14 different types of essential oils that have being tested on few different bacteria example Staphylococcus. The effect when in high vapor is better the when leave the essential oils overnight. From the research the result was around 1 or 2 hours for the essential oils to diffuse into the agar. (Shigeharu Inouye, 2001)

Modern medicine is finally catching up to the ancients in realizing the health promoting benefits of myriad herbs and spices. For instance, a study by the University of Georgia revealed that many herbs and spices are a rich source of the antioxidant phenol, which can prevent inflammation and

the drought, the side of the field with a more diverse environment held stern as

A good quality of qiang huo physically present brown skin and yellow white internal wood, light weight and easily break with strong fragrance. In the basic guideline of the pharmacopeia of China (2010), volatile oil has been modified drop from 2.8% (ml/g) to not less than 1.4% (ml/g) according to volatile oil determiniation appendix XD. In Guan, Y.-L. (2006) study, the average of the volatile oil of NI from Sichuan ganzi is average 2.50% (ml/g) the highest is only 2.79 % (ml/g) among 6 samples.

Franck and Brownstone define biological diversity as 'the variety and variability of living organisms and the biological communities in which they live' (36). Decades of progress in both the scientific and political arenas have advanced environmental legislation to protect biodiversity at not only the ecosystem level, but for specific species and genetic material as well. Research has shown the importance of every organism and their role in the global ecosystem, and legislation has gradually matured to protect not only species which may become endangered, but the habitats they need to survive as well. Growing consciousness surrounding environmental issues has enabled these protections to be

In order to document the utilization of indigenous medicinal plants, survey was carried out during the Spring, summer and autumn of 2012 in the Namarestagh district (Mazandaran province) of Iran. The survey was spread across the seasons so as to get maximum information. The information on medicinal uses of the indigenous plants have been described after gathering information from general local people and experienced aged rural folk. The research population consisted of 674 people, including residents of the five villages. According to the study and collection of data and characteristics of population, the sample size was determined using the equation Cochran (214 = n). A total of 214 inhabitants from 5 villages were interviewed. The randomly selected respondents of different ages from about 40 years and above were interviewed in local language, that is, Mazandarani. A semi structured questionnaire was used to elicit information from the resource persons using standard methods Information on local name of the plant, plant parts used for curing disease their recipes and mode of administration were recorded. Plants collected during the surveys were identified with the help of flora.Cronbach 's alpha coefficients were calculated for different parts of the questionnaire that the total value of 0.78 was determined to show the reliability of the questionnaire.

Results of a survey carried out in 2000 showed that there were 104 Ayurvedic Drug Production Units in the country, using herbal materials valued at Rs. 176 million of which 68% is currently met by local supply. The national demand for herbal materials was 3,864,759 kg and approximately 1,509,201 kg of this amount was imported to meet the national demand at a cost of about Rs. 13 million (IUCN, 2001). Total requirement of certain Medicinal Plants are completely imported where the department of Ayurveda records show that in 2013 there were 86 raw materials (486,071 Kg) imported at the cost of Rs. 159.3 million. The figures very clearly demonstrate a significant drop of importation comparing to year 2000. According to the gazette notification No. 1660/15 dated 2009.05.05 there are 73 plant raw materials, 21 minerals, 7 animal drugs under Ayurveda section and 55 Unani raw materials declared as duty free for importation. In other study Withania somnifera, Trachyspermum roxburghianum, Hemidesmus indicus and Curculigo orchioides which have the highest imported percentages, were accounted for 95.45%, 90%, 73.68% and 72.22% respectively (Kankanamalage et al. 2013).

ABSTRACT: Medicinal herbs are the local heritage with global importance. Medicinal herbs have curative properties due to presence of various complex chemical substance of different composition, which are found as secondary plant metabolites in one or more parts of these plants. These plant metabolites according to their composition are grouped as alkaloids, glycosides, corticosteroids, essential oils etc. Euphorbia hirta, (familyEuphorbiaceae) is an herb found in many parts of the