Infraspinatus Tendon Case Study

In addition Allen could not raise his arms against gravity, had flaccid lower extremities, and was without triceps or wrist extensor reflexes, and other muscle stretch reflexes were absent. If the fracture was at C4-5 Allen would not be able to shrug his shoulders and if the fracture was at C7 he could extend his flexed arms.

A SLAP lesion tear is an injury to the shoulder. This can cause painful symptoms and difficulty with overhead activities whether they be athletic or those of daily living. In 1985, Andrews et al were the first to describe the superior labrum tear. In their experience, they identified tears of the labrum from throwing athletes located anterosuperor near the origin of the bicep tendon. The cause of the lesion to tear was the bicep tendon being pulled off the labrum from the force generated during the throwing motion. As time went on, the labral tears got categorized into four different types of classifications called SLAP lesions by Snyder in 1990. A SLAP lesion, as described by Snyder involves tears of the superior

An anterior cruciate ligament tear can be confirmed by the Lachman test, the dynamic extension test, and the Pivot jerk test. The Lachman test and dynamic extension test is helpful in, “making a diagnosis, particularly in the acute injury.” (1) The lateral pivot test reproduces, “the rotatory subluxation that occurs in ACL defiency. The test is difficult to perform and takes residents and fellows in my practice approximately three months of intensive training to be able to adequately perform the jerk test in the unanaesthetised patient.”(1) The test is important because the demonstration of the lateral pivot jerk is the replication of the instability that the patient has. The initial goals of treatment immediately after injury are to reduce pain, reduce

Achilles tendinitis is inflammation of the tough, cord-like band that attaches the lower muscles of your leg to your heel (Achilles tendon). It is usually caused by overusing the tendon and joint involved.

Range of motion shows flexion of 85 degrees, extension of 30 degrees, and lateral tilt of 25 degrees bilaterally. Straight leg raise is positive on the right at 90 degrees for low back pain. Bechterew's test is positive on the right. The patient has diminished sensation in the right L4, L5 and S1 dermatomes. Deep tendon reflexes are absent in the right knee and right ankle.

This paper is going to be over rotator cuff injuries and what to do if this occurs to an athlete. The rotator cuff consists of four muscles which are the Subscapularis, infraspinatus, teres minor, and the supraspinatus and their associated tendons that insert into the Humerus. These groups of muscles are responsible for rotating the arm internally and externally as well as abducting the shoulder. The acronym for the four muscles of the rotator cuff is known as SITS. The best treatment for symptomatic, nontraumatic rotator cuff tears is unknown. The purpose of this trial was to compare the effectiveness of physiotherapy, acromioplasty, and rotator cuff repair for this injury. The way this trial worked was that 180 shoulders with the symptomatic,

Assessments are major depressive disorder, right knee medial meniscal tear post arthroscopy with recurrent tear and repeat arthroscopy, headache (concussion, cervical strain), lumbar strain and cervical degenerative disc disease.

Symptoms can vary from patient to patient depending on the severity of the compression (ACSN, 2015). Paresthesia, the ‘pins and needles’ feeling, in the fourth and fifth digit and pain at the elbow are the most common signs of cubital tunnel syndrome. Grip strength may also decrease as the condition worsens along with muscle atrophy in the hand. The patients might have a positive Tinel sign, which is tested by simply tapping on the ulnar nerve and seeing if the sensation of tingling or “pins and needles” is reproduced. The Wartenberg sign is positive if the patient is unable to abduct the fifth digit to the rest of the hand. This shows that there is weakness in the ulnar innervated intrinsic muscles of the hand (Guardia, Berman, & Lorenzo,

Dynamic scapular dyskinesis is detected by asking the patient to raise and/or abduct both arms repeatedly in a rhythmic motion, until fatigue of the scapular stabilizers results in failure to keep the scapula well positioned in relation to the thoracic wall. Active scapular retraction and elevation are checked. The next step is to look for muscle atrophy and remember active and passive range of motion should be examined and compared with the non-injured shoulder. It is easy to detect muscle atrophy of the infraspinatus viewing from the back of the patient, whereas the supraspinatus is covered by the trapezius. Atrophy of the shoulder muscles is a common finding in patients with rotator cuff tears.

Instability Impingement. This occurs in younger patients, typically 15-30 years old. The rotator cuff is irritated because the shoulder is loose in the socket. This often happens in baseball pitchers, swimmers, and other throwing athletes. Shoulder instability can be classified into two different types, dislocations and subluxations. Dislocations happen when the head of the humerus completely pops out of the socket. The first few times this happens, it is usually with significant trauma although some people can have these without any injury at all. After that, it can get easier and easier for the joint to dislocate. Most shoulder dislocations are anterior - this means that the ball pops out the front of the socket. Subluxations are the feeling that the shoulder slips slightly out of socket, then immediately comes back in place. This often happens without any major trauma. Sometimes it happens in people who are very "loose-jointed". Sometimes these happen in just one direction like out the front, "anterior", and other times they happen out multiple directions like the front and back,

O: Inspection of the right shoulder, no redness or edema noted; palpation of the right shoulder there was no warmth noted; on deep palpation TM reports in some tenderness

When diagnosing a TFCC injury, it is very important to get information of all past injuries this patient has had. Without proper knowledge, it is possible to miss-diagnose TFCC. The most prominent symptom of a TFCC tear is wrist pain so it can rather vague. To help with this vagueness, they do have tests that you can run to evaluate the TFCC. To test the stability of the distal radio-ulna joint (DRUJ), they can perform the Piano-key sign and ulnocarpal ballottement test. They also have the Ulnocarpal compression test that tests the maximum extremes of both pronation and supination. Although just a few examples of tests that they can perform, they are very important when they are trying to figure out what in the wrist is injured and to what degree is has been injured. As for determining what the different tears are after testing, “Tears are

Lastly, the pivot shift test could distinguish 21 of the 28 patients had an ACL injury, with a sensitivity of 75, specificity of 100%, and efficiency of 75%. Under anesthesia the pivot test recognized all 28 patients with an ACL injury, giving it a 100% efficiency, sensitivity of 100, and specificity of 100%. The Lachman and AD test both identified 26 of the 28 with an ACL injury, giving them both the efficiency of 92.9%, a sensitivity of 92.9 and specificity of 100%. Conclusion: For outpatient, the AD and Lachman test are great for recognizing an ACL injury, and laxity in the ligament. The pivot shift test is outstanding in recognizing ligament laxity, and ACL injury in those under anesthesia. All three tests can be used in an outpatient setting with good results, but some are more consistent that others depending on the

Acute tears of the anterior bundle of the UCL can be seen on high quality MR images. Edema, abnormal laxity, and discontinuity of the ligament are all signs of UCL disruption. Partial tears can be diagnosed with edema and focal areas of discontinuity with residual intact fibers. However, according to Awh (2010), “with complete tears, laxity is more apparent and edema and/or disorganized soft tissue extend across the width of the anterior bundle. With proper inspection, one can identify both the site and severity of UCL injury.”

*insert article *attachedBesides being able to see the inside of a shoulder, doctors use different physical tests to evaluate the shoulder in order to determine what type of injury and how severe an injury may be. One such test was recently developed by Dr. Carl J. Basamania at the Womack Army Medical center in Fort Bragg, N.C. The test was developed to evaluate shoulder instability in a patient. During the test the Dr. or examiner stands next to the patient who is to lay flat on his/her back. The hand of the examined should is held firmly by the examiner. The examiner then pushes against the clavicle to stabilize th scapula, while they also gently hold the pectoral muscle with their thumb in order to be able to assess relaxation. The examiner then rotates the arm form neutral to full external rotation. If the patient has AIGHL incompetence there is a lack of tightening as the arm reaches full external rotation. The test has appeared to be highly accurate and may be of value to Dr.'s and surgeons alike. After doctors have determined what type and what degree of injury a patient has sustained using various tests it is on to the next step, rehabilitation.