Ing A Balance Assessment: Lipase

In areas, like the stomach, that have a pH of two would benefit by having enzymes that function well in acidic environments. An example of such an enzyme is pepsin.

There are many types of enzymes and each has a specific job. Enzymes are particular types of proteins that help to speed up some reactions, such as reactants going to products. One of them is the amylase enzyme. Amylases are found in saliva, and pancreatic secretions of the small intestine. The function of amylase is to break down big molecules of starch into small molecules like glucose; this process is called hydrolysis. Enzymes are very specific; for example, amylase is the only enzyme that will break down starch. It is similar to the theory of the lock

A widely accepted Caucasian disease has since changed; as cases of its existence are appearing in the South Asian Population (Orenstein, Rosenstein and Stern, 2000). First discovered in 1989, Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a genetically predetermined condition, its presences is lifelong and highly complex, which is why many CF sufferers and families develop various mechanisms in order to adapt to the condition (Tippingemail, Scholes, Cox, 2010). Cystic Fibrosis causes the body to develop thick, sticky mucus which clogs the lungs and affects other organs in the body, mainly the pancreas. The layer of mucus if untreated develops in to a chronic infection which can be detrimental. The pancreas of a CF patient is most vulnerable, once the mucus has

Enzymes are an organic substance that are made up of polymers of amino acids that help the digestive system and metabolic processes in living organisms (Funk and Wagnalls, 2016). Enzymes are able

• Enzymes are involved in processes such as the breakdown of carbohydrates and converts them into energy for the body to use.

The aim of this investigation is to explore the effect of different concentrations of bile salts on the time taken for the lipase enzyme to break down fat.

Enzymes are biological catalysts, which accelerate the speed of chemical reactions in the body without being used up or changed in the process. Animals and plants contain enzymes which help break down fats, carbohydrates and proteins into smaller molecules the cells can use to get energy and carry out the processes that allow the plant or animal to survive. Without enzymes, most physiological processes would not take place. Hundreds of different types of enzymes are present in plant and animal cells and each is very specific in its function.

It is actually found in some of the foods we eat. Dairy and beef products are one of the biggest natural sources of CLA. However, diets have changed over the years and on the whole, we are naturally consuming much less CLA than we used to. Because of this, many are looking to CLA supplement their diets. This is easy to do now that scientists have developed a proprietary process which can convert the linoleic acid of pure safflower oil into CLA. This makes it easy to add a CLA supplement into your diet by taking the recommended daily dose either in capsule or liquid form.

According to the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, approximately 70,000 people worldwide suffer from cystic fibrosis, 30,000 of which live in the United States. Within the U.S., 1,000 new cases are diagnosed each year and more than 75 percent are diagnosed by the age of two (“About Cystic Fibrosis, n.d.). CF “is an autosomal recessive lung disease that decreases the ability of chloride channels to function properly. This inherited chloride channel defect results in decreased salt levels through sweat loss” (Delaney, 2014, p. 682). This decrease in salt levels “leads to thickened secretions, predominantly in the lung and pancreas, and is characterized by recurrent lung infections, malabsorption of nutrients, intestinal obstruction, liver disease and infertility in males” (Richards, 2008, p.35). Developments in the treatment of CF have increased the median life expectancy for patients with the disease, but with increasing age there becomes “a blockage of the exocrine ducts in the pancreas resulting in a form of diabetes, known as cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD)” (Richards, 2008, p.35). Of all the possible complications related to cystic fibrosis, CFRD is “the most prevalent co-morbidity” and is associated with increased hospitalization rates, decreased pulmonary function, and weight loss (Delaney, 2014, p.682 and Kelly & Moran, 2013).

When his pancreas gets blocked with mucus, the enzymes that are needed for digestion doesn’t reach his stomach which makes digestion problem. Frank has to take around 40-50 tablets a day to help his digestive system and to also keep his respirator symptoms in check. In addition to taking the pills most people with cystic fibrosis require about 20-50% or more calories each day than people without cystic fibrosis, so much so that they are encouraged to eat foods that are labelled ‘unhealthy’ such as chocolate and cake as it is vital to keep a healthy weight as it helps their body to deal with their chest infections effectively.

According to a recent survey commissioned by AbbVie Pharmaceuticals, over 74% of Americans suffer from digestive problems like heartburn, gas, constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, gas and bloating. If you find yourself agreeing with the majority, there are several supplements that can ease your troubles. Digestive Freedom Plus, formulated by Dr. Lane Sebring and dispensed through Patriot Health Alliance, is one such supplement.

In this part of the lab, we used a Pancreatin solution, a digestive enzyme found in the pancreas. This digestive enzyme works to its full potential in the duodenum where the pH level ranges between 7.1-8.2. This process can take hours to react, but we only had three hours of class time so we will examine the reaction based off of that time frame. There is a mixture of enzymes that combine to make Pancreatin, but in this specific experiment, pancreatic lipase and its reactions will be examined. Pancreatic lipase targets dietary fat, or triglycerides. When it hydrolyzes a triglyceride, the triglyceride is broken down into a single monoglyceride and two fatty acid chains. When bile salts are included in the reaction, they increase the surface area of the substrate, which in this case is the triglycerides, and the enzyme then works faster than it typically would. This means that bile salts are emulsifiers. Phenol red was added to each of the test tubes in this experiment to indicate the pH level. The pH indicator works as follows: if it’s yellow, it’s acidic, if it’s orange; it has a neutral pH, if it’s red, it’s alkaline, and pink indicates a pH of greater than 10, with an even higher alkaline level.

Enzymes are essential to the proper functioning of the human body. Enzymes are catalysts, which cause reactions to occur. The two primary classes of enzymes for maintaining life functions are digestive and metabolic enzymes. The primary digestive enzymes are classified as proteases, amylases and lipases. These enzymes can help breakdown food molecules. Metabolic enzymes are responsible for the repairing and structuring of every cell. Inadequate production of digestive enzymes can have a negative impact on the breakdown of food into the various nutrients our bodies require.

Digestive enzymes – These are small protein molecules that disintegrate the foods we eat and unblock nutrients so that our bodies can absorb them. As people age, their ability to produce digestive enzymes decrease, and this is where BIO X4 comes in. Boasting up to three main digestive enzymes, this supplement is just what you need to get value from the food you eat. One of these enzymes is called amylase, and its work is to metabolize your sugars. Lipase is for metabolizing fats while bromelain is for breaking down protein and relieving intestinal irritation.

Lipase is the enzyme that also known as triacylglycerol acylhydrolase with EC number 3.1.1.3. It is part of hydrolases family that act on carboxylic ester bond. It had been widely used as biocatalysts in biological process. Most of the lipase was expressed from natural resources such as plant, animal and microorganism. Lipases expressed from microorganism particularly interest due to easy production, capability to adapt in industrial application (Wang et al., 2017), stability in organic solvent, no cofactor required and broad substrate specification (Aravindan et al, 2006). The function of the lipase is to breakdown the triacylglycerol into free fatty acid and glycerol. In addition, it also involved in many synthesis reaction such as esterification, transesterification and aminolysis (Rivera et al., 2017). Due to its ability to breakdown lipid and many biological reactions, lipase is commercially used in large scale production.