Ingestion Case Study

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration is responsible for protecting the public health by making sure our country’s food, medical devices, vaccines, and cosmetics are safe. The FDA also makes and distributes tobacco items and works to lower the use of tobacco by minors. The FDA helps to ensure that medical items and products are safe and effective. The FDA also protects people from electronic product radiation.

Before the Pure Food and Drug Act, food was produced and sold in a manner that left holes in information necessary for consumers health. Food that today would be considered toxic was sold to everyday consumers. After the Industrial Revolution, it became common for people to buy their food from large food suppliers instead of family farmers. Many consumers weren't aware of the conditions of large industrial factories, but many people's opinions changed once their food’s real quality surfaced to the public by muckraker journalists. The Pure Food and Drug Act was the most perpetual aspect of the Progressive Era: the act offered consumers reassurance of what they ate and took as medication, prevented a great deal of illnesses, and led way to

Chemical weapons are dangerous agents that come in four categories: choking, blister, blood and nerve. The agents are categorized by their effects on the body. Nerve agents “Inactivate enzyme acetylcholinesterase, preventing the breakdown of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the victim's synapses and causing both muscularity and nicotine effects” the signs and symptoms of nerve agents are, miosis (pinpoint pupils), blurred/dim vision, headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, twitching/fasciculations, dyspepsia, seizures, and loss of consciousness. Symptoms of blood agent poisoning depend on the concentration and the exposure time.

Long term chronic exposure is that the mortality rate from human contact to extraordinary absorptions of these toxins have been documented since the 1900s (ACGIH, 2005). And there has been an accumulative attention on the impacts of hazardous toxins at ever lower levels of exposure. Epidemiological studies have shown correlations between workplace exposure to hazardous substances and the onset of disease, and at the same time there has been a greater than before understanding of the mechanisms by which contaminants exert its poisonous effects.

During the session, the staff notice that Billy was very weak. He seemed very tired. The staff asked him if he has been eating or if he had anything to eat over the weekend. Billy informed the staff that he did not had anything to eat over the weekend, but only water and sodas. Billy seemed to lose weight every week due to lack of nutrition Billy however, mentioned that he has can not taste food and he is having a hard time swallowing.

When Aspirin gets into the body, it is hydrolysed by esterases which is an enzyme that splits an ester into and acid and an alcohol in the liver generating salicylate which is either oxidized or excreted. The side effects of Aspirin are very similar to the side effects of all NSAIDs but have specific side effects that might occur only from aspirin which are salicylism and Reye's syndrome. Salicylism happens if you overdose on Aspirin and can cause difficulty in hearing, vertigo, etc. Reye's syndrome happens if Aspirin is given to children under 12 years old who have/had chicken pox causing a decrease in brain function and liver failure leading to death in most cases. 75% of aspirin is absorbed quickly and metabolized in the liver. Elimination of the waste which is the rest of the salicylate depends on the quantity of the dose, a small dose is eliminated through first order kinetics with a half life of 4 hours while a large dose is eliminated through saturation kinetics with a half life of approximately over 15 hours. Aspirin should not be given with warfarin since it causes an increase in its drug effect, it should also be avoided if a patient is taking antihypertensives which is used to treat

The order I would place the drug administration would start with Intravenous (IV) method, this method is taking the drug exactly to the vein and it enters the bloodstreams right then and to your brain. This method takes less than one minute. The next one I choose would be inhaling, this would be like inhalant drugs. Inhaling is almost just as fast as IV drug use and goes quickly into your lungs to the bloodstream. Next would be snorting, I would say this because this method is felt in two minutes unlike the other drugs I previously listed. Snorting is through the mucous membranes of a powdered drug like cocaine. Smoking is the next method and it not the same as inhaling nitrous oxide which is confusing to me. Then there is swallowing, which

As gas or fluid, mustard agents strike the skin, eyes, lungs and gastro-intestinal tract. Inside organs may be hurt as a delayed consequence of mustard agents being taken in through the skin or lungs and travel on into the body. The postponed impact is a normal for mustard agents. Mustard agents give no prompt side effects upon contact and thus a postponement of somewhere around two and twenty-four hours may happen in advance of agony is felt and the casualty gets to be aware of what has happened. By then cell harm has as of now been created. Intense mortality emerging from introduction to mustard agents is low. The dosage expected to specifically kill a man upon inward breath speaks the truth 50 times more than the measurement mortality by harming somebody with the nerve agent soman. People who kick the bucket after contact to mustard agents routinely do as such following a couple of days up to one or more weeks. While the most thorough wounds are brought about after contact with fluid mustard agents. Skin inflammation first appears as a difficult irritation. Contingent upon the caliber of exposure, the damage may form into pigmentation, which flakes off around two weeks, minor surface blister or profound fluid filled blisters may form resulting in skin rot. In astonishing cases, the skin rot may be so extensive to the point that no blisters appear. Skin wounds are more

Nerve agents are the deadliest chemical warfare agent that needs immediate medical attention. All patients who experience more than miosis should be triage “immediately” category and decontamination “immediately.” The application of antidotes, airway control and other supportive measures” should be applied. If the patient has more than two systems such as “miosis and wheezing, the patient should receive treatment immediately. Quick response result into a successful resuscitation for these individuals (Keyes,

Enteral routes of nutrient administrations is appropriate in a patient who still has a functioning gastrointestinal system. The patient, for whatever reason, is having difficulty chewing or swallowing, or perhaps they need to bypass the stomach all together due to surgery. Nevertheless, nutrition is administered directly to the GI tract through several methods. For short term delivery (less than four weeks), the nasogastric, also called orogastric or nasoenteric, is appropriate. This is where the nurse would place a levin tube down the nose and throat and into the stomach of the patient. The salem sump could also be used, however for extended use, the levin tube would be more comfortable for the patient. This method of delivery has a few risks

As an investigator for the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), there are several stakeholders to take in consideration when considering the approval of various products, including the product originator, the product consumers, and the local environment. The overarching mission for the FDA is encourage public health by certifying the quality and safety of products traded in the United States (Levy, 2011). Therefore, the function of and FDA investigator is to appropriately balance the potential negative effects and the positive outcomes of releasing newly technologically advanced products into the US market. A pivotal problem is the time constraints allowed for studying and understanding these products. The corporations continue to push for

Toxicity is one of the greatest concerns in the 20th century. This is because there are several factors contributing in the development of toxins in the human body such as stronger chemicals, water and air pollution, nuclear power, and radiation. Many people are ingesting new chemicals, using all kinds of drugs, eating more sugar as well as refined foods, and abusing themselves with various sedatives and stimulants.

Poisoning in an animal can come several different routes. These include ingestion, inhalation, injection, and absorption. It is important to determine how the animal was poisoned and what toxin may be the cause. Instruct the client to bring in the label or packaging of the toxin and any vomit the animal happened to

Included within this article is 23 select images featuring graphs, paperwork and collection materials. The authors discuss a wide range of topics of which involves forensic toxicology. The focus is on the three different methods of poisoning, collection process from the different areas of toxicology, the storage methods for collected samples, advantages and disadvantages of storage preservation and lastly a discussion on the possible bias during analytic interpretations of toxicological results (Dinis-Oliveira, et al.,

Given all the assumptions that pose an ideal condition for the digestion and absorption of nutrients, this young woman will be able to yield the protein, fat, nucleic acids, cellulose, and complex carbohydrates obtained from her food and drink. But before we describe how each nutrient goes to a specific location as well as its process, it is important to know the structures behind these nutrients.