Initial Problems of Pakistan

“India has never been a symbol of unity of Hindu-Muslim civilization. It is not possible for the British Government to create homogeneity between Hindu and Muslim culture and civilization as the two systems are distinctively opposed to each other. There is no way other than the partition of India”

There was a high food shortage in 1946 and this caused many to ration. World War II left a deep wound in India as two and a half million Indian soldiers were sent to aid the allies and 24,000 killed. Many were unemployed as they lost their jobs after the war since there was no need for war production. Gandhi’s party, Indian national congress, created in 1885 seemed it would be the power that ruled after Britain left. This changed, however, as the All Muslim league became popular during World War II. Muslims were a minority compared to the Hindus. The Partition of 1947 created Pakistan, where the Muslims would live, and India, where the Hindus would live.

Preferring to live in Hindu-dominated India rather than Muslim dominated Pakistan, 2.5 million Sikhs moved from Pakistan’s West Punjab region to East Punjab in

Modern day Pakistan’s land has traditionally been Muslim for many years. In the early nineteenth century it was ruled by Britain and considered part of the British Indian Empire. In 1947, a partition was granted from the British, and Pakistan and India were created as their own countries. As the previous British Empire divided,

The ongoing conflict between India and Pakistan has been the subject of speculation and study by political scientists and historians for a number of years. The ethnic conflict seems to have been sparked at the very beginning in 1947, when the British used Muslim and Hindu mercenaries against each other before the area finally split into today’s countries of India and Pakistan (Spiegel et al. 2015, 185). The timeline since then has been full of conflicts, both major and minor. Brutal tactics used by security forces and a high rate of unemployment have added to the issue (BBC News 2016).

Mountbatten traveled to Karachi to exchange energy to the recently made condition of Pakistan on fourteenth August 1947. Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah was confirmed as the first Governor General of Pakistan. Liaquat Ali Khan assumed control as the first Prime Minister. Domain of the condition of Pakistan was partitioned into two sections. These two sections known as East Pakistan and West Pakistan, were isolated from one another

India has a state named Punjab that was divided in half during the break up with Pakistan, which left half of Punjab in Pakistan and

One thing that the world does not always acknowledge, is that many countries have actually been demanding for independence ever since the 1800’s. The partition that created Pakistan was a long and tedious process before it got approved. Before World War II, Great Britain had full control over the country of India and its resources, even though the people were demanding for self-rule for several years. At the time, India consisted of both Muslim and Hindu cultures, and the tensions between the two

The British’s goal to separate the Muslims, Hindus and Sikhs was a total disaster. “The trouble was that Muslims, Hindus, and Sikhs were an integrated population so that it was impossible to make a border without widespread dislocation.” This quote states that making a border was impossible because the groups aren’t meant to be spread apart. “By the end of 1947 there were virtually no Hindus or Sikhs living in west India - now part of Pakistan - and no Muslims in the Indian east.” This explains how the British made Pakistan because of the partition. “The British government and Mountbatten must bear a large part of the blame for this tragedy." Therefore, the British caused religious violence and disagreement against each

Sikhism transformed after the eighteenth century. The entitlement of war had made a big impact on power within regions in India. The Early nineteenth century, Sikhs dominated most of the territory in Punjab due to their ruler, Ranjit Singh. The nineteenth century was a time for Sikhs to understand their identity again. A few years later, imperialism appeared in India from British companies. The British controlled Punjab in 1840s. Corruption and oppression raised because British looked at Sikh as enemies. The British colony started creating policies to suppress Sikhs and started instigating tension with other dominant religions in India. In 1947, the partition of India and Pakistan began from India Independence Act. The Sikhs were promised self

The partition of India in 1948 led to one of the largest mass migration movements in the world. The successful attainment of independence from colonial rule is also a narrative of religious nationalism, displacement and communal violence between the two nation states of India and Pakistan or more definitively the Muslims and Hindus. In Urvashi Butalia’s (2000, pp.264-300) “The Other Side of Silence” the oral testimony of Maya Rani, a Punjabi woman who was a child living in Pakistan during the Partition is particularly important to the histiography surrounding the event as it is told from a different perspective by a person not

“The argument for Pakistan was simply that Hindus and Muslims were not two different religious communities but two separate nations” (Varshney 434), meaning that this divide was a denser than many might view it. The relations between both groups influenced the judgements of India’s founders and constitution-makers, given that it was one of the most traumatic periods in the history of India’s twentieth-century due to the millions of deaths that were accompanied by partition. These constitution-makers had to face four main issues: the relationship between religion and the state, separate electorates, religiously given personal laws, and educational institutions. The overall goal of the new nation was to put an end to the Hindu-Muslim violence, provide minorities a stake in the new nation and also reduce their fears of losing their identities. They wanted to do so in a way that would not deepen the divide that already existed, but that would unite them instead (Varshney

India. “It’s establishment was a strong reaction against western advancement and its materialistic civilization in the Indian Subcontinent, aimed at saving the Muslims from the dangers of these circumstances, especially when Delhi, the capital, had been destroyed following the revolution and the British had taken full control of it. The scholars feared that their religion might be assimilated, so Shaykh Imdaadullaah al-Muhaajir al-Makki and his student Shaykh Muhammad Qaasim al-Nanatuwi, and their companions, drew up a plan to protect Islam and its teachings. They thought that the solution was to

In 1940 the all-Indian Muslim league declared its desire for a 'Pakistan' meaning 'land of the pure' under the confederation of an all Hindu state called 'Hindustan' or the 'land of the Hindus'. however a 'Pakistan' under the Indian rule seemed impossible, and

After 1947, Pakistan felt that Pakistan is deprived because Kashmir has a majority of Muslim people and they have a right to choose their future