Inoperable Brain Tumors Research Paper

When a tumor is developed on the brain, it is called a brain tumor or brain cancer. Brain tumors can be

Glioblastoma (pronounced like gleO blastoma) is an incurable brain cancer,Survival rate is usually measured in months.This became a word that was instantly defined, researched, dissected, feared, and tried to comprehend and understand by family,friends and acquaintances of Larry McKee (McKee)who was personally affected from this single word, it was quickly added to their vocabulary, because of the of the events that transpired on October 22, 2011 that forever changed lives “Glioblastomas are tumors that arise from the astrocytes- the star-shaped cells that make up the “glue-like,” or supportive tissue of the brain. These tumors are usually highly malignant (cancerous) because the cells reproduce quickly and they are supported by a large network of blood vessels.”(A.B.T A..) He was diagnosed with stage four.

Brain cancer develops from cells within the brain. The brain controls the vital functions of the body, including, speech, movement, thoughts, feelings, memory, sight, hearing, and more. Brain cancer affects people in many different ways. Brain cancer is diagnosed at the local stage in 76.6% of people. The 5-year survival for localized brain and other nervous system cancer is 36.3%. Brain cancer will cause anything from headaches to balance and walking problems, changes in your vision, muscle twitches, memory problems, and nausea and vomiting.

Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive form of malignant brain cancer in adults. On average, 8 of every 100,000 people in the U.S. are diagnosed with glioblastoma every year – representing approximately 2% of all cancers diagnosed [1]. Glioblastoma tumors form when astrocytes, star-shaped cells which support and protect the brain, re-enter the cell cycle and start to rapidly divide. Because the brain is supported by a large network of blood vessels, tumors grow quickly and are difficult to remove surgically. Present treatments for glioblastoma are limited to surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy; however, despite these interventions tumors are likely to regrow. Consequently, typical survival time following glioblastoma diagnosis is less than 2 years.

Tumors can be classified into three types: 1) benign 2) pre malignant 3) malignant tumor. Benign tumors are those which are incapable of abrupt expanding and affecting the other healthy brain tissues. Premalignant tumor is a pre cancerous stage, if not treated properly it may lead to cancers. It is often considered as a disease. Malignant tumor grows rapidly with time an ultimately leads to death of patient. Malignant is a medical term describing a sever growth of a disease. The most common primary brain Tumors are gliomas, wherein 70% are in the group of malignant gliomas, glioblastoma multiform (GBM).The GBM is one of the highest malignant human

TSD is common among those of Jewish decent, more specifically Ashkenazi Jews with an origin of Eastern European ancestry. Although these findings have caused TSD to be thought of as a Jewish disease, there have been occurrences in other populations, including French Canadians. There have been three unusual characteristics documented among those affected and being a part of the French Canadian population. One of the characteristics is that TSD patient were highly localized geography and there was a large amount of incidences in Eastern Quebec. The second characteristic is that TSD is caused by two mutant alleles. One of the alleles originating one the northern shore of St. Lawrence and the other on the south shore. The final characteristic is that TSD seems to be recent in its Canadian origin, as the two mutant alleles are not found in France. There have also been high incidences of TSD reported from three other population groups. The three groups can be found in Northern American and include: Louisiana Cajuns, the Dutch community in Pennsylvania, and people that are of Irish

The two proteins help to control the growth and size of the cell. Tuberin and Hamartin are tumour suppressors they prevent cells from growing and dividing too fast or in an uncontrolled manner. There are two main health conditions related to the genetic changes in the TSC2 gene these are Tuberous Sclerosis Complex and lymphangioleiomyomatosis. [2]

An Intracranial tumor is an irregular group of brain tissue in which cells widen and cultivate intractably, which effects the means to control normal cells. Intracranial tumors situated in the frontal lobe are quite natural since this lobe is the biggest in the brain. These growths are categorized as primary, which means they start out in the brain (benign), or secondary, meaning they have a different starting location in the body and spread to the brain (metastasized). Primary tumors tend

Ependymoma is a type of brain tumor and while it is rare in adults, accounting for 2-3% of brain tumors, ependymoma is mainly found in children and accounts for around 5% of all childhood brain cancers (American Cancer Society [ACS], 2014, January 31; American Brain Tumor Association [ABTA], n.d.). The survival rate of patients with ependymoma who have survived five years after their tumor is detected is 75% Tumors occur when cells grow to excess and form a mass. While some tumors are benign, meaning that they are harmless, others are malignant, or cancerous. Ependymoma is a malignant cancerous brain tumor (“American Society of Clinical Oncology [ASCO]– Childhood,” n.d.). The tumor appears as soft, grey or red tumors and could comprise of cysts or mineral calcifications.

Mai is a 66-year-old female diagnosed with IV NSCLC (with multiple large brain metastases) EGFR exon 19 deletion (C34.90). Mai experienced headaches, weight loss, nausea, and vomiting. A very recent CT scan revealed multiple brain metastases, which are large, and throughout the cerebral hemisphere including both of the cerebellums. Mai is being treated with radiation, decradron and high-dose steroids, but still experienced disease progression. The denial states that Mai must try to fail Tarceva, Iressa and Gilotrif, however due to the highly acute, tumor burden brain metastases, with Tagrisso as a front-lien treatment it will actively fight against exon 19 deletion and more importantly, good CNS activity. Given these results of Tagrisso,

Neuro-Oncology is the study of cancer in the brain, skull base, or spinal cord. They can also treat genetic disorders of a certain type such as Neurofibromatosis. Neurofibromatosis is tumors that grow in the nervous system that is caused by a genetic disorder. The main purpose of the research was to gain information on Neuro- oncology, general information on brain tumors, and general information on specific tumor types. Central nervous system tumors include various gliomas such as glioblastoma multiforme, astrocytoma, brainstem glioma, ependymoma, and oligodendroglioma. Furthermore, meningioma and vestibular schwannomas. Other conditions neuro-oncologist can treat are central nervous system lymphoma, metastic disease to the spine

Glioblastoma Multiforme is an extremely aggressive brain tumor that can drastically alter how the body moves, a person’s memory, vision, emotion, thought, etc (GBM Guide). Having something in your brain that has the potential to drastically

LAM shares very similar attributes to a disease known as tuberous sclerosis complex, as it has been found to have direct correlation between TSC1 and TSC2 genes. Tuberous sclerosis is a systematic neoplastic disorder that attacks vital organs within the body such as lungs, kidneys, spleen, brain, etc. It causes benign tumors to form and grow on these tissues, and often results in central nervous system obstruction. LAM carries similar traits, only it is much more concentrated. LAM plagues the lungs with benign tumors that eventually cause sclerosis of the tissues. This results in increased difficulty in aspiration as the lungs struggle to expand and contract. In time, these neoplasms result in cyst formation on the lungs along with muscle hardening. Eventually, lungs can succumb to pneumothorax, or collapsed lung. Pleural effusions may also develop as fluid gathers between damaged spaces within the lungs increasing difficulty of circulation. LAM is not officially diagnosed as a cancer, but it has the almost identical characteristics. It is capable of spreading to other systems within the body at varied rates. Some examples of spreading LAM can be seen with hematuria, when the neoplasms form tumors on the kidney that can eventually lead to kidney failure. LAM may also attack the lymph nodes resulting in enlargement and obstructing the

Meningiomas represent one of the largest groups of primary intracranial tumors. In about 80% they are slow growing, of a benign histology, and showing a higher prevalence in women than in men (2:1) [1]. However, especially high-grade meningiomas are known for their rapid growth and a significantly increased likelihood of recurrence after treatment. While in all cases preservation of neurocognitive functioning is equally important, the focus lies in achieving high rates of long-term local control for aggressive tumors, and maintaining quality of life (QoL) in patients with low-grade meningioma.

Common malignant brain cancers increase significantly according to statistical data collected by the National Cancer Institute. In 1984, the annual incidence rates of primary brain tumor and primary brain lymphoma also increased notably, the rate of lymphoma almost tripling,