Glacier Inquiry Report
The 24 km₂ Peyto Glacier is situated in the Canadian Rockies on Peyto Lake, Banff National Park, Alberta. It is an outflow glacier from the Wapta Icefield. Peyto Glacier creates glacial silt, which is carried from the glacier to Peyto lake by glacial melt, which ensures a turquoise appearance to it, making it a popular tourist destination.
As is true for the vast majority of the glaciers worldwide, this glacier has undergone rapid retreating and downwasting (thinning of ice). In the past century, it has reportedly lost 70% of its mass, or a total 1088x106m2 of the glacier. Scientists are predicting that the terminus of the glacier will be gone, and the glacier will retreat of another 1 km₂, by 2019.
The reason for this rapid loss is due to the glacier’s close proximity to major cities such as Calgary. This makes the glacier more prone to the effects of global climate issues, such as global warming, greenhouse gases, and excess pollution. Rising temperatures in the earth's atmosphere are being caused predominantly by the burning of fossil fuels like coal, oil and natural gas, and in the operation of transport, heating and lighting our homes, and mining operations, a large industry in Alberta. This constant temperature rise results in further glacial melting. Glaciers used to melt
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The Peyto Glacier sits on Peyto Lake, which flows into the Mistaya and North Saskatchewan Rivers. The excess water can have major effects on the volume and timing of water discharged into rivers. This would further result with consequences hydroelectricity generation, maintaining river and riparian habitats, fish populations and recreational use. Since water from streams/rivers end up in oceans, the effect on water supplies and levels may create a flood risk for coastal areas and many cities on the floodplain like New York and
This photo was taken more than 100 years later and quite a bit further upstream, just south-east of St. Clair and Spadina. There, the brook runs through the Nordheimer Ravine, named after the family who used to own the land. Samuel Nordheimer made his fortune importing pianos and then married Edith Boulton of the super-crazy-important Boultons: one of the first families to move here when the city was founded, they were leaders of the Family Compact and the people who built the Grange. In the 1870s, the newlywed Nordheimers built a mansion on the hill overlooking the ravine and damned the brook at this spot to create a little pond and waterfall.
The article “Cold warriors,” Gregoire (2008) indicates that climate change leads to environmental issues and melting ice, and the scientists’ researches point out climatic issues in Canada. The author comes up with a point that everyone is responsible for protecting the environment because people around the world are bearing negative effects due to climate degradation. For example, residents in Grise Fiord and Inuit notice a huge differences, the landscape is becoming warmer, softer and unpredictable. Moreover, a greater risk of environmental pollution is caused by climate change. In addition to changes in environment, shrinking glaciers, earlier ice breakup, later freeze-up and less snow caused by warmer temperature bring double-edged effects
During the Pinedale glaciation, there were two ice sheets. One of them being the Cordilleran Ice Sheet. The Cordilleran Ice Sheet was comprised of three main lobes. The Puget Lobe, Okanogan Lobe, and the Purcell Trench Lobe. The one lobe in Northern Idaho, near present day Lake Pend Oreille, was the Purcell Trench Lobe. When these sheets of glacial ice moved south they caused an ice dam to occur. J.T. Pardee states that “The evidence of icebergs, together with the apparent regency of the lake and the variable height of its surface, connect this lake with the glacial period, and readily lend themselves to the suggestion that its dam was of ice” (Pardee, 1910) This ice dam blocked the Clark Fork River which is near the boundary of Idaho and Montana. The water from the river was blocked and began to build up and formed Glacial Lake Missoula. Water
unusual flow of warm air from the south has caused the ice to melt at an alarming rate, so
Lake Louise, located in Alberta, is surrounded by beautiful scenery, and is a stunning sight to see in itself. The cold deep blue water melted from mountain glaciers fills the oval lake and shines as the sun's rays kiss its smooth surface. The lake is surrounded by a park and several mountains. Three enormously high mountains can be viewed from the park; the mountain on the left is fully covered with tall pine trees, while the mountain on the right has some pine trees and lush-green grass, however, most of its muddy surface is naked under the sun. A very massive mountain is placed behind the two mountains and is the source of the lake's fresh water. The park found on the Lakeshore is a part of the Ski Resort behind it. Cement pathways shine
The Siberian tundra is basically melting away overtime, even though it has been frozen for tens of thousands of years. At such a fast rate it is speculated that it is influencing global warming. The landscape is changing fast. In the last three to four years, the underlying
Wikapedia.org says that The lake is shared by the province of Ontario to the north in Canada, the states of Minnesota to the west, Wisconsin and Michigan to the south in the United States. It is generally considered the largest freshwater lake in the world by surface area. It is the world's third-largest freshwater lake by volume and the largest by volume in North America.
Lake Winnipeg, the last remains of glacial Lake Agassiz, is the 10th largest lake in the world by surface area. It lies on the boundary between the Interior Plains and the Southwestern Canadian Shield. Up to five and a half million people rely on the health of Lake Winnipeg. The lake is an economic powerhouse that supports a $100 million a year tourism industry and a $25 million a year fishing industry (Halter, 2007). Furthermore, more than 23,000 permanent residents live in 30 communities along the shores of Lake Winnipeg, including 11 First Nations communities. Seven Manitoba Provincial Parks are located on the south basin of Lake Winnipeg including Hecla/Grindstone, Beaver Creek, Camp Morton, Winnipeg Beach, Elk Island, and Grand Beach. Lake Winnipeg consists of a shallow, southern basin and larger, deeper north basin. The two
The park encloses two subranges of the iconic North American mountains: the Livingston and Lewis Ranges. Also contained within the park is the Continental Divide. Water that falls on the western side of the Divide flows to the Pacific Ocean and water that falls on the eastern side flows to the Gulf of Mexico. The park got its name from the many glaciers that can be found in the upper reaches of the mountains and can be reached by a hike into the wilderness. The park also is connected to the Canadian Waterton Lakes National Park just north of the border. Because of this connection, Glacier National Park became the world’s first international peace park (UNESCO World Heritage Centre,
Our society’s current rate of pollution coupled with naturally occurring environmental changes are reshaping the world we are accustomed to. In the documentary Chasing Ice, The Extreme Ice Survey is dedicated to bringing photography and science together in an effort to illustrate humanities role in nature, concentrating primarily on glaciers. Since film and photography have been proven to have a greater lasting impact compared to reading statistics this team of scientist and journalist have banned together to shed light on a concept that is considered abstract in much of the world, climate change.
Whether it’s useful or useless. Because some day it will be gone forever and we will confront the problems of losing it. The evidences to support the author’s opinion is “ Snow and ice are the Earth’s built-in air conditioner-crucial to the health of the planet. Without winter’s white mantle, Earth will become a heat sponge. As heat escalates, all our sources of fresh water will disappear”. The quote explains the important role of glacier to keep the earth cool down, and deflect the heat from the sun,
In discussing the Geosphere and Hydrosphere, it is best to group the two together, as they are intertwined immensely. It is also important to introduce the geology of the Assiniboine River Basin – as highlighted by Cummings et al, the Prairies contain a substantial amount of low-permeability quaternary till, which reduces recharge of valley aquafers (Cummings et al, 2012) further adding to the likelihood of flood risk of the floodplains as aquafers struggle to intake surface water. Moreover, the low-lying area of southern Saskatchewan and Manitoba have been drained for agricultural purposes, usually by with artificial means - creating depressions which cause small lakes and ponds from runoff and meltwater to fill, however, as discussed in the article by Szeto et al, extreme wet conditions, temporary drainage networks can connect outflow from ponds to streams (Szeto et al, 2015) which in turn would alleviate some fluvial processes to flood in certain regions. Due to the unprecedented climate conditions in the ARB region, the basin had experienced persistent cool temperatures previous to the April and May high precipitation months. As highlighted by Szeto et al, upper soil layer (0-47mm) remained frozen over the region and
With the rising waters it has caused the loss of many traditional fishs that are considered very important in to the native tradition. "I can't imagine trying to explain to another generation of Quinaults how our rich blueback salmon tasted. That's a central part of who we are and that glacier keeps the waters cool and the water levels at an appropriate place. Now it's gone." With the loss of certain fish and animals it not only affects the tribe in not only a traditional
Glaciers are formed in places where there is adequate snowfall and cold temperatures; specifically, the area needs to have temperatures that are less than 32* F and more snow than is able to melt in the summer. Present-day, glaciers only form in high latitudes and high elevations. However, 14,000 years ago, during the Pleistocene Ice Age, Michigan was covered by a mile-and-half-mile deep glacier. Over thousands of years, the temperatures alternated from warm to cool, causing the glaciers to retreat and advance. As glaciers traveled this way, they took the path of least resistance. This caused the glaciers to move south from modern-day Canada, along the riverbeds that existed where the Great Lakes now
One of the effects of global warming is the polar ice caps’ melting. Scientists have been researching and examining the polar ice caps for a long time and they have come to the conclusion that the thin ice sheets are slowly wasting away. They have also found out that Greenland’s glaciers are getting smaller and smaller. Places around the globe that use to be covered in ice and snow are now showing more green terrain as the years go on and as the winter months grow warmer. The polar ice caps are melting more and more due to higher global temperatures. This is really bad because the ice caps “reflect and help regulate the Earth’s temperatures.”