Insectivorous Plants

Monarchs do not have many predators expect for man. The monarch's trick to not being eating it two hold. First, the coloring of the monarch mimics that of a wasp or a bee which makes predators think twice before trying to eat them. Second, the milkweed plant in which the caterpillar eats has toxins which make the wings of the butterfly distasteful to predators. The monarch butterfly drinks nectar while the caterpillar eats the milkweed. The monarch favorite food here in Florida is Asclepias ssp. or milkweed (Wexler, 1994).

Females lay white spherical eggs on the trunk, and produce a yellow viscous material from the ovipositor which is smoothed over into a covering, before fading to white or grey. Larvae exit the egg directly into the plant, never becoming exposed, and so are impervious to sprays. Young larvae are restricted to the cambium, circling the cane 3-4 times in a close spiral, girdling the primocane, and producing gall-like swellings. As larvae grow, they extend feeding deeper into wood and pith, and staightening the spiral and heading usually toward the distal end of the cane (tunnels may extend 15 cm below to 64 cm above the gall). Larvae reach a length of 12 mm, and have a pair of horn-like projections on the posterior end. The larvae are white and legless, with a flattened head (the family is often called flat headed borers). Larvae winter in the cane, and in March create a pupal chamber. The pupa is formed in late April. The pupal period lasts 20-40 days. When the adult leaves the pupal skin, it remains in the tunnel for about 10 days before chewing a D-shaped emergence hole. Adults feed on foliage for several days before beginning oviposition. They are most easily found on the plants on warm sunny days. There is one generation

Pill Bugs are usually found under rocks, boards, and decaying vegetation. They like cool dark places with a humid damp temperature. Although most species live in this environment, some like the Trachelipus rathkei live under fallen wood or peeling bark. Unlike others the Porcellio spinicornis will usually be found around limestone or cement. They hide in these places during day and eat at night.

6. Plant flowers. Plant marigolds, mums, asters, dahlias, and zinnias in your garden. Why? These plants will attract insects that will prey on aphids. Their natural predators include ladybugs, parasitic wasps, and

1. What was the original habitat of the organism? Japanese knotweed is native to Eastern Asia and was originally brought from Japan, China and Taiwan. 2.

This was the best entomological lesson I ever had-a lesson whose influence has extended to the details of every subsequent study; a legacy the professor has left to me, as he has left it to many others, of inestimable value, which we could not buy, with which we cannot

Referred to as ‘Sugarbag’ by the aborigines, native honey contains a lot of resin from native trees such as the eucalyptus tree. Due to its value, honey was scavenged for and found in nests located in trees, stumps, rocky crevices and muddy river banks. In order for the aborigines to find native bee hives, hunters would catch foraging bees and attach small pieces of light-weight materials such as pieces of feather, spider web or grass to the pollen sacs or resin that was being collected by the bees.

War, A., Paulraj, M., Ahmad, T., Buhroo, A., Hussain, B., Ignacimuthu, S. and Sharma, H. (2012). Mechanisms of plant defense against insect herbivores. [online] NCBI. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3493419/ [Accessed 10 Mar.

6. What advantage to diversity are the position of pistil and stamen? The pistil or carpel is in the middle of the flower so that it will be the first thing the insect gets to. When pollinating, the stamens are at the side so that the bee rubs against them when reaching for

Economic threshold depends greatly on the height of the plant. On average “around 20 or more larvae per sweep” (UC IPM, 2011).

The hive, the honeybees' home, is made up of hundreds of 4.6 millimeter combs. These combs cover the walls of the hive making perfectly arraigned storage for incoming larvae and honey. Honeybees first must gather nectar to make the wax, they use their long tongues to collect the nectar from the desired flower. The honey bees will travel dozens of miles to collect more nectar. When the honeybee "drinks" the nectar, the liquid will be stored in its honey stomach. Honeybees have two stomachs, one for food and one for making

At night they eat leaves, shoots, and fruit from the trees and get almost all of their water from juicy plants.

The speaker says, “ I have sworn perdition to thy race”(Barbauld 14), in which they express their conflicted emotions. One side of them is wanting to slaughter the caterpillars and another is wanting to show mercy and provide protection. The speaker is contemplating whether or not to continue on with their past ways in persecution of caterpillars, or to realize what impact their actions had on the caterpillars. When the speaker mentions, “ Where, folded in their silken webs they lay/ Thriving and happy; swept from the tree/ And crushed whole families beneath my foot”(Barbauld 19-20), they are coming to a realization that just like humans, caterpillars have families too and they attempt to strive and prosper in their community; until an unwanted person comes by and ruins their work and kills their family with their foot.

There are several different species of insect pollinators, but the bees in general make up sixty-two percent of them. Honeybees make up thirty-nine percent of that number, and the other twenty-three is composed of several different species of bees. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, one-third of the homo-sapiens diet is insect pollinated and honeybees are accountable for eighty percent of the pollination of that one-third. The population of the honeybees in the United States has been noticeably declining from the late 1990 's, so the threat to the majority of the world food supply is slowly increasing as our pollinators population decreases.

All over the world the demand for food is increasing. The human population is anticipated to grow from six billion in 2000 to nine billion in 2050. Meat production is predicted to double within the same amount, as demand grows from rising wealth. Pastures and fodder already deplete seventy percent of all agricultural land, therefore increasing livestock production would need increasing agricultural land area at the expense of rain forests and different natural lands. Officers at the United Nations Food associated Agriculture Organization recently predicted that beef might become an extreme luxury item by 2050, like caviar, as a result of rising production prices. Edible insects have long been used by ethnic groups in Asia, Africa, Mexico and South America as cheap and sustainable sources of protein, and the major role of entomophagy in human food security is well-documented. Up to 2,086 species are consumed by 3,071 ethnic groups in 130 countries. While more attention is needed to fully assess the potential of edible insects, they provide a natural source of essential carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals and vitamins and offer an opportunity to bridge the gap in protein consumption between poor and wealthy nations but also to lessen the Ecological footprint. Some argue that the combination of increasing land use pressure, climate change, and food grain shortages due to the use of corn as a biofuel feedstock will cause serious challenges for attempts to meet future