Installing A Secure Clustering Protocol

More specifically, a sensor is "a device that responds to phenomena, such as light, pressure, or heat, and generates a signal that can be measured or interpreted" [16]. The sensor network community often defines a sensor node as a wireless device which is small, capable of responding to one or several stimuli, processing the data and transmitting the information over a short distance using a radio link. Sensor nodes contain electronic circuits for minimizing power consumption [17]. Sensors are for measuring sound, light and temperature that is typically thought. However, sensors can measure other variables, such as vibrations or electromagnetic fields [18]. Sensor transmits values wirelessly to one or several BSs

1. Wireless sensor networks are used in those hostile environments where wired networks can't be deployed. For example in a forest, wireless sensor nodes are dropped from the air because going down there and deploying a wired setup is not possible.

Abstract— Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) introduce a new way to interact with the physical environment. The security in WSNs became an attractive area of research. WSNs are susceptible to a wide range of malicious attacks. At present ECC is considered for secure communications, which is having good potential for WSN security due to its smaller key size and its high strength of security. Unfortunately, the execution time of ECC is more which is not suitable for more number of applications. A number of other security mechanisms have been proposed for sensor networks to provide data confidentiality, namely Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and Data Encryption Standard (DES). In this paper, we propose an algorithm, which is compared and analyzed with the existing ECC and AES to provide better security with authenticated sensor nodes. The authentication is done with a secret code. The proposed algorithm will ensure the secure communication with authenticated devices. The analysis results shows that the scheme works better than the common existent schemes with better utilization of available memory.

Abstract—Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is basically a wireless network in which sensor nodes are distributed in any environment condition, to collect the data or information such as temperature, pressure, wind, sea level etc. and accordingly data or information will be passed to the main location. Reliable Trust and Reputation of a node stands for the measure of trust over a certain period of time which can be useful to evaluate the risk of attack from that particular node. We have combined all these parameters in order to risk of attack from a particular node.

Abstract - Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) comprises of several tiny, low-cost, resource constrained sensor nodes. These nodes are placed in harsh environments and generally are used for air pollution monitoring, water quality monitoring, industrial monitoring, health monitoring and more. Routing is difficult in such surroundings primarily due to the unique constraints the wireless sensor networks suffer from. Wireless sensor network is highly dynamic, making existing routing protocols ineffective. This paper concentrates on energy efficiency of the protocols. Both the protocol presented are hierarchical and cluster based. Both have sensor nodes and a base station (BS). The BS selects the Cluster Heads (CH) among themselves. CH is the elected sensor node which passes on the sensor data collected by sensor nodes of its cluster to either BS or other CH. All candidate nodes for becoming CH are listed, based on the various factors like relative distance of the candidate node from the Base Station, outstanding energy level, possible number of neighboring sensor nodes the

Energy Constraint: Energy requires converting input to output (sensor transducer), communication among the sensor nodes and computation. Security levels depend upon the cost of energy.

This paper focuses on modeling and calculating trust between nodes in WSNs, based on sensed continuous data to address security issues and deal with malicious and misbehavior nodes and for assisting the decision-making process. A new trust model and a reputation system for WSNs can be proposed. The trust model establishes the continuous version of the reputation system applied to binary events and presents a new trust and reputation system for sensor Networks. This approach for mixing of second hand information from neighboring nodes with directly observed information to calculate trust between nodes in WSNs. Trust metrics can be used to evaluate the trust value of each node in the clusters. Behaviors are monitored by monitoring node (MN). Monitoring node selected at the next higher level of CH, this can also be changed dynamically along with CH. The main focus of this paper is to develop a fuzzy theory based trust and reputation model for WSNs environment.

A Wireless Sensor Network or WSN is supposed to be made up of a large number of sensors and at least one base station. The sensors are autonomous small devices with several constraints like the battery power, computation capacity, communication range and memory. They also are supplied with transceivers to gather information from its environment and pass it on up to a certain base station, where the measured parameters can be stored and available for the end user.

WSN can be applied to many other fields such as habitat monitoring, environment monitoring, smarthome, intelligent transportation and so on.

In addition to one or more sensors, each node in a sensor network is typically equipped with a radio transceiver or other wireless communications device, a small microcontroller, and an energy source, usually a battery. The size a single sensor node can vary from shoebox-sized nodes down to devices the size of grain of dust.[1] The cost of sensor nodes is similarly variable, ranging from hundreds of dollars to a few cents, depending on the size of the sensor network and the complexity required of individual sensor nodes.[1] Size and cost constraints on sensor nodes result in corresponding constraints on resources such as energy, memory, computational speed and bandwidth.[1]

Wireless Sensor Networks are formed by autonomous nodes containing partial memory, better range of communication, power and capable bandwidth. WSN are used to inspect the corporal and environmental conditions through a system and perform data processing. However, during data acquisition different types of issues and circumstances are to be resolved.

In sensor network node deployment falls into two classifications either a dense deployment or a meager deployment. In dense deployment in the focused on field, high quantities of sensor nodes are available. While in an inadequate deployment we have lesser nodes. Dense deployment is utilized to distinguish multiple sensors. At the point when expense of item expands it can be utilized there.

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) consists of large number of sensor nodes distributed across a geographical area in highly dense manner. These nodes are of low cost and use less energy to perform various functions. These sensors have the ability to communicate with each other and route the data to next node or back to the Base Station (BS). Sensor nodes in a sensor network communicate with other nodes and collect the information.

With increased capabilities and decreased costs, mobile wireless sensor network rapidly gained popularity and interest that greatly enhanced ability to monitor any phenomena. The idea of needs for monitoring has been around for a long time. However, a mobile wireless sensor network became available because of microelectromechanical systems and implementation of wireless communication such as satellites and GSM networks to transmit the gathered data. Further development in semiconductor technologies enabled miniaturization, low power consumption and decreased cost (Kumbhare, Rangaree, & Asutkar, 2016). Even though the monitoring with the use of sensor network have been around for a couple of decades the implementation was done more in stationary approach rather than mobile. Similarly to

Generally, the success of wireless sensor network depends on a vital secure data aggregation technique that accomplishes the security goals [8]. However, the security models and protocols of sensor networks are different from those that are used in other types of networks due to their hardware resources and power constraints. Therefore, efficient, secure data aggregation techniques are required to deal with energy efficiency, data accuracy, latency and protecting data.