Institutional Racism Research Paper

Racial bias, defined as “unreasonably hostile feelings or opinions about a social group” by Dictionary.com in which the social groups are different races, has been a problem for a long time, and it still exsts today. People cannot ignore the truth that is being shoved in our faces on the media. There are multiple examples of racial bias in the criminal justice system. If you don't believe this, here are some statistics by the Huffington Post: In a California study, the ACLU found blacks three times more likely to be stopped than whites, African Americans are arrested for drug offenses at rates 2 to 11 times higher than whites stated in a May 2009 report by Human Rights Watch, the U.S. Sentencing Commission in March 2010 stated that, in the

There are numerous concerns based on the quantity and content of stop and searches which are often influenced by institutionalised racism (Home Office, 1997). Studies suggested that the police maintain a belief that black people are prone to be involved in violent crimes (Reiner, 1989). Therefore leading to black individuals routinely falling victim to police stereotypes and overgeneralisations (Bowling and Phillips, 2007). Police interviews have suggested that police perceive certain ethnicities to be involved with certain crimes, one interview suggested that if police are alerted of a robbery, 90% of the time they will assume it is involving a black individual (Quinton et al, 2000). Despite that there is evidence suggesting that racial disadvantages will cause an increase in young blacks to be involved with crime, suggesting that these suspicions are justified (Waddington et al, 2007). Furthermore, there is little research suggesting that police enforce their prejudices when working on the streets, thus suggesting that racial views are a result of police canteen sub-culture (Waddington, 1999).

Following, numbers of shootings involving law enforcement and black men, race became a pertinent topic among American people. It seems that two groups have revealed themselves through these discussions, those who believe race is still a problem in America, and those who believe America is a post-racial society. History is one of the clearest indicators showing that race may still be relevant in modern communities. A plethora of connections can be drawn between discrepancies in poverty, incarceration, and poor education between whites and blacks when you look at events in our nation’s history such as slavery, sharecropping, Jim Crow laws, and more. With that being said, one of the more significant examples of institutional racism in America is one that is rarely

Do you ever believe that you have been a victim to a microaggression and there was nothing ever done about it? A victim of institutional racism that made you feel doleful and surly? Institutional racism happens a lot, but not as much as microaggressions, but a lot of people wonder why they get this type of vibe from white supremacist. These are the same people in the same country, with the same daily schedule but somehow they judge people based on their skin color. Some reason you aren’t allowed to lead this country if you are any other skin than white. There's a lot of racism in America, and a lot of people really wonder will the microaggressions, microinsults, the institutional racism will ever stop. People look at our president Donald J. Trump with his campaign of “Make America Great Again” does he mean the bad times for the African Americans? The bad times, for the Asian Americans? Do white people in general categorize all cultures/ ethnicities other than white as minorities? There are two articles that come together, to grow on this idea, to answer the questions above and to explain in full detail. Both of these articles, compare on what and how plenty of “minorities” feel in America. The speech essay “Analyzing Some Thoughts On Mercy” and the argumentative essay “6 Reasons We Need to Dismantle the Model Minority Myth of Those ‘Hard-Working ‘ Asians” by Ross Gay and Rachel Kuo deal with the problem with racism shown by white supremacy. Through these texts the

Explain how institutional racism could result in internalized oppression for members of marginalized populations. Provide examples relevant to a specific minority group, based on the chapters you selected.

When examining the timeline of slavery in the United States of America, it can seem like

There are numerous positive outcomes that I anticipate will result, if I am able to get funding for my project. One benefit of my project is that it will help to reduce the impact of institutionalized racism. African Americans are tried unfairly and killed daily, in a judicial system that is suppose to be equal and fair to everyone. Another benefit of will help to make America more aligned to the goals and values America was intended to be for. America has frequently been seen as the land of opportunity. The Pilgrims, for example, fled from England to America to escape racial injustice. Through hard work, they were able to pull themselves up, and work to build a fair society. The writers of the constitution wanted a world where every man is

Institutional racism has solidified its position into various aspects of American society. It has installed itself into employment practices, all levels of education, healthcare, housing, politics and the criminal justice system. Institutional racism has made some subtle changes to replace the boldness of slavery and Jim Crow. However, in educational institutions the effects of racism and discrimination are so delicate they typically go unnoticed by students of color. Individual racism usually happens on the personal level where the prejudice is expressed either consciously or unconsciously while there is some form of interpersonal encounter. When it comes to institutional racism it is similar to the individual concepts, however policies and practices are associated with with the belief of racial dominance of one group over another. It is a powerful system that use race to determine power and privilege(Reynolds et al., 2010). Even after the desegregation of school, educational institution are still separated. In Shelby County where I have lived since 1999 there are schools for minorities, and there are schools for whites. The schools for minorities in the city of Memphis have police officers walking the halls and there no books for learning. There are higher numbers of Whites students enrolled in private, charter, and magnet schools in the more affluent segments of the county. They will be exposed to the advantages of a proper education because of their race and privilege

The first way of determining institutional racism is how certain race of people are treated. Some institutional have a set standard for different races, for example, Whites,Blacks, Hispanics, Asian and Jews, etc. The government, banks and the court have institutional racism which is apparent is certain situations. Organization can lean toward hiring more whites than blacks and viscera. There have been some organization that hired all whites and there's no black's in certain departments. Other racial of individual apply for positions and are not hired. As a result, the applicant does know why in some case why he or she was denied. The strengths of working toward institutional cultural competency is together each person can learn and gain knowledge

Reverse racism, its existence has been questioned for years now. People worldwide share their views on it and how different they are is astounding, but the question is, is it real or not. No, its not. Reverse racism shouldn’t even exist in the English language. Because, It was just made up by people who commonly want to make a scene over something irrational. For example, when someone says “white people cant dance” people put it off to be more than it actually is. Just because someone says white people cant dance doesn’t mean you have to go through osmoses or something and be salty for the rest of your life, that’s irrelevant, much like the attitude people put off when someone says that.

We live in a world where Panopticism rules and meritocracy is a myth. Racism has always been present, and it travelled across the sea with the settlers of the New World. Herman Melville is quoted by Ronald Takaki as saying, “You cannot spill a drop of American blood, without spilling the blood of the whole world. We are not a narrow tribe,” (Takaki, 5). However, White men have a history of labelling people. They label the norms, people like themselves, White, as “us,” and they label the abnorms, the people different from “us,” the people of color, as “them.” Racism is an institutionalized system that has evolved throughout the centuries under one model: Jeremy Bentham’s Panopticon. We are able to track these advancements as they go from various forms of punishment into the treatment of certain groups as inferior, or abnormal, and others as superior, or normal.

Racism has been an ongoing social justice issue for decades, and we seem to always fail to make it stop. According to Dummett (as cited in Fernando, 1984), racism is the behaviour and attitude that emerges from our beliefs that certain people are different from us. These differences are mainly based on race, where people come from, physical characteristics, such as colour and hair type or behavioural characteristics, and that people categorized must be treated differently based on their needs, capabilities and rights. Usually there is one dominant and superior group and a few inferior groups (Dummett, as cited in Fernando, 1984). Coates and Morrison (2011) suggests that what we distinguish as real and true may not always be real and that things may not always be as it seems. Coates and Morrison (2011) also states that we live in a racial matrix, where we have this illusion of reality and that differences associated with racial status and hierarchies are perceived as the norm in society and this perception of reality is not easy to get rid of. There are four types of racism; subtle racism, colorism, internalized racism and reverse racism (Nittle, 2016). Racism can be explicit, but it can also be very subtle and covert, which is a huge problem, as most people do not even notice it and they do not realize that it happens on a day-to-day basis (Coates and Morrison, 2011). Racism is not only one problem or concern, as it is brings along a variety of other problems and is compiled

We are members of Tuareg tribes and affiliate to our ethnicity because we speak one language and have one cultural background as well as identity that bound us together. Although some of the Tuareg of Ghat didn't support what Qaddafi army did during Arab Spring, and some of us fought against him, we are collectively portrayed by many Arab people in Libya and by social media in Libya and the world as supporters of the previous regime. As a result, we have been regarded as the least valued people in Libya, treated unfairly and badly in all aspects of life. We are facing institutional racism and discrimination because of the color of our skin, and belonging to the Tuareg people who many of them loyal to Qaddafi(See Appendices,)

According to Lum (2007) defines discrimination as a “behavioral response that is unfavorable to members of an ethnic, gender, sexual orientation, or related out-group. It is preceded by prejudice what is a negative affective attitude and a learned condition”. Discrimination is not liking a person or a group of people solely based on what they look like or where they come from. I have been the target of racism on several occasions. I use to work at the Marriott Hotel as a wine pourer. I was talking to this man who happens to be Caucasian, he was telling me I had a nice smile and how educated I was. He noticed he was flirting with me and stated “sorry I should not flirt with the help”. During this time the movie with Viola Davis came out where she was the slave and the movie was called the “Help”. I have never felt so insulted in my entire life.

Racism; one word, a very powerful meaning and reminder. Many people shy away from talking about racism because speaking it into existence mean that we as a society have not gotten away from it. Unfortunately, this fact that we have not escaped racism and its effects still rings true today. I myself have tried to minimize the effects of racism in relation to white privilege and institutional racism. Sadly, I found that minimizing racism in general, when experiencing white privilege and or institutional racism while helpful can be harmful as well.