Insulin Deficiency Research Paper

Diabetes occur when there is a combination of inadequate secretion of insulin by the pancreatic beta cells and the peripheral insulin resistance. Insulin resistance leads to a reduced glucose transport into the muscle cells, increases both hepatic glucose production and breaking down of fats because it has been attributed to the elevated level of free fatty acids and proinflamatory cytokines in the plasma.1

This is 36 year old WM. Patient has a history of insulin dependent DM, currently taking humulin 70/30 43 units in am and 40 units in PM. Patient is here requesting some paper work filled out for his driver's license also. Patient reports he is taking insulin as prescribed. Denies chest pain, SOB, N/V/ d, or fever, denies any pain 0/10. Patient denies any depressive moods.

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I grew up in Royal Oak Michigan and for most of my life I have struggled with being overweight and having attention deficit disorder. This has led to a lot of problems for me to this day. it started back in elementary school when I was about 8 years old, I was on a children’s soccer team had a lot of friends. The coach of this soccer team was my friends Camden B’s dad, I did not really like him at all and he knew I was overweight and he pushed me further I could possibly do because I was a lot bigger than the other kids but he did not really care about it at all, Then this lead to me losing my friend, and quitting the team having to make new friends was a problem for me because of me overweight problems not a lot of people talked to me.

Sincerely, I commend the hard work of people involved in the insulin discovery. It has really helped to manage the lives of patients with diabetes. I like the way Garrett’s dad motivated him to not see himself as a sick person but as a strong and healthy young man. This alone I believe gave him hope and encouraged him. As a parents, it is very important that we keep our children safe and protected at all times. They went through a lot to make sure they did not have any complications as far as maintaining blood glucose was concerned. They also stated the need to have an inter-professional team to deal with chronic and complex case such as diabetes. I recall the issue of Garrett’s dad calling in for a syringe order from the physician, this could

Insulin treatment is always required for type 1 diabetes. Insulin is the alternative way to replace the function of pancreatic beta cell. Usually type 1 diabetes needed insulin all the time especially at meal time. When the pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin, then the type 2 diabetes will need insulin treatment. Insulin is also needed for gestational diabetes or diabetes during pregnancy to help for the well-being of the developing fetus. There are many types of insulin:

or action of insulin. During periods of low blood glucose, glucagon stimulates the breakdown of liver glycogen and inhibits glucose breakdown by glycolysis in the liver and stimulates glucose synthesis by gluconeogenesis. This increases blood glucose. When glucose enters the bloodstream from the intestine after a carbohydrate-rich meal, the resulting increase in blood glucose causes increased insulin secretion and decreased glucagon secretion. Insulin stimulates glucose uptake by muscle tissue where glucose is converted to glucose-6-phosphate. Insulin also activates glycogen synthase so that much of the glucose-6-phosphate is converted to glycogen. It also stimulates the storage of excess fuels as fat (Lehninger, 1993).

Insulin is considered to be a heat sensitive product which needs to be maintained at certain optimum temperatures for it to work effectively. The transportation from the laboratory to the consumer has to be taken into consideration as all temperature variation can cause the efficiency of the treatment to decrease. (Lens, 2010)

It is characterized in a different way, and it is due to resistance to insulin or decreased sensitivity towards insulin, in addition to decreased secretion of insulin. The defect in response to insulin involves the receptor of insulin in the membranes of the cell.

Insulin referred to as hormone is secreted using the pancreas which control glucose levels in the blood. Without insulin, cells cannot use the energy from glucose to perform the numerous functions within the body. The main metabolic fuel for cell utilization used in energy production are glucose and fatty acids. In addition, equilibrium between food intake and energy expenditure may depend on energy homeostasis and metabolism. However, glucose is the most important fuel with a normal level ranging from 4-3-6.5mmol/l needed for cell function and is controlled by multifaceted system between the pancreas, liver, adipose tissue, muscle and brain.

When blood-glucose levels rise, there is an increase in soluble glucose molecules in the blood and is detected by the beta cells of the pancreas in the islets of Langerhans of the endocrine tissue. Beta cells respond to hyperglycaemic stimuli by producing a hormone called insulin which stimulates cells, especially adipose and muscle cells, to take up soluble glucose molecules from the blood. Insulin is a short protein consisting of a string of amino acids with a particular shape. Insulin responds to this hyperglycaemic change by converting individual glucose molecules to form polysaccharide molecules called glycogen, which is stored in the liver and muscles and triggering glucose transporter molecules to gate glucose into the cell.[1] This process is called glycogenesis. Beta cells are the only cells in the body that produce insulin that enters the bloodstream straight away. The stored insoluble glycogen causes the amount of glucose present in the bloodstream to decrease and therefore insulin has a hypoglycaemic effect on the body. The mitochondria of cells require glucose to drive cellular processes such as muscle movement, and the glucose metabolized

Insulin resistance is a health condition that the body is not able to respond to insulin. It will promote the pancreas to make more insulin and release it into the bloodstream. As a result, the sugar level in the blood remains higher than normal blood sugar levels. If they are left untreated, this can lead to diabetes. To avoid developing diabetes you need to start trying to reverse insulin resistance by making changes in diet and lifestyle.

Insulin also stimulates glucose transport and the synthesis of triglycerides. Insulin helps prevent lipolysis which is the catabolic breakdown of triglycerides. Insulin also increases the uptake of fatty acids coming from circulating lipoproteins by stimulating lipoprotein lipase activity in fat tissue. Insulin resistance in obesity is shown by decreased insulin-stimulated glucose transport and metabolism in adipocytes by impaired suppression of hepatic glucose output. (Kahn, B., 2000) These defects may result from decreased insulin signaling and downregulation of GLUT4 which is the major glucose transporter that responds to insulin. In obesity, there is increased expression of several protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), that dephosphorylate

Insulin is a hormone that is used in the body to regulation of blood glucose levels. Lack of insulin or the body’s lack of ability to respond to insulin can lead to the development of diabetes. The insulin hormone helps to determine how the body uses and stores glucose and fat. It lets the liver know when to take blood glucose to ensure accurate levels of glucose. If the body has enough energy the liver is signaled to turn the glucose into glycogen.

Continuing on with myths, a person with diabetes can transmit this disease to another person. This is also not true because diabetes is not contagious. The closest way to transmit diabetes is the parent’s genes to their child. Lastly, people with diabetes can never have any sweets. This statement is false; a person with diabetes can eat sweets in moderation. But they must exercise and eat healthy meals.